Źródła i podziękowania. Czyja praca stoi za tym, co oglądasz.

Bibliografia. 1 340 prac i zbiorów danych z całego Atlasu.

Pod każdą pracą są strony Atlasu, które ją cytują. Tytuły zostają w oryginalnym brzmieniu, a w nawiasie podajemy najważniejsze o badaniu, np. liczbę osób (n) albo gatunek.

1. Abe, N., Okuda, J., Suzuki, M., Sasaki, H., Matsuda, T., Mori, E., Tsukada, M., & Fujii, T. (2008). Neural correlates of true memory, false memory, and deception. Cerebral Cortex, 18(12), 2811-2819. https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhn037 (fMRI, 20 osób)
   Fałszywe wspomnienia
2. Abraham, W. C., Logan, B., Greenwood, J. M., & Dragunow, M. (2002). Induction and experience-dependent consolidation of stable long-term potentiation lasting months in the hippocampus. The Journal of Neuroscience, 22(21), 9626-9634. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.22-21-09626.2002
   Od mikrosekund do dekad
3. Achterberg, M., Peper, J. S., van Duijvenvoorde, A. C. K., Mandl, R. C. W., & Crone, E. A. (2016). Frontostriatal white matter integrity predicts development of delay of gratification: A longitudinal study. Journal of Neuroscience, 36(6), 1954-1961. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3459-15.2016 (DTI, 192 osoby w wieku 8-26 lat, zadanie z pieniędzmi)
   Test pianki Marshmallow
4. Ackerley, R., Backlund Wasling, H., Liljencrantz, J., Olausson, H., Johnson, R. D., & Wessberg, J. (2014). Human C-tactile afferents are tuned to the temperature of a skin-stroking caress. The Journal of Neuroscience, 34(8), 2879-2883. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2847-13.2014
   Od mikrosekund do dekad
5. Adachi, N., Akanuma, N., Adachi, T., Takekawa, Y., Adachi, Y., Ito, M., & Ikeda, H. (2008). Déjà Vu Experiences Are Rarely Associated With Pathological Dissociation. Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease, 196(5), 417-419. https://doi.org/10.1097/NMD.0b013e31816ff36d
   Déjà vu
6. Addis, D. R., Wong, A. T., & Schacter, D. L. (2007). Remembering the past and imagining the future: Common and distinct neural substrates during event construction and elaboration. Neuropsychologia, 45(7), 1363-1377. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2006.10.016 (fMRI, 16 osób zbadanych)
   Złudzenie planowania
7. Aglinskas, A., & Fairhall, S. L. (2023). Similar representation of names and faces in the network for person perception. NeuroImage, 274, Article 120100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120100 (fMRI, 24 osoby)
   Heurystyka dostępności
8. Agnoli, F., Melchiorre, F., Zandonella Callegher, C., & Altoè, G. (2021). Stereotype threat effects on Italian girls' mathematics performance: A failure to replicate. Developmental Psychology, 57(6), 940-950. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0001186 (328 uczniów)
   Zagrożenie stereotypem
9. Aitken, C. B. A., Jentzsch, I., & O’Connor, A. R. (2023). Towards a conflict account of déjà vu: The role of memory errors and memory expectation conflict in the experience of déjà vu. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 155, Article 105467. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105467
   Déjà vu
10. Albantakis, L., Barbosa, L., Findlay, G., Grasso, M., Haun, A. M., Marshall, W., Mayner, W. G. P., Zaeemzadeh, A., Boly, M., Juel, B. E., Sasai, S., Fujii, K., David, I., Hendren, J., Lang, J. P., & Tononi, G. (2023). Integrated information theory (IIT) 4.0: Formulating the properties of phenomenal existence in physical terms. PLOS Computational Biology, 19(10), e1011465. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011465
    Świadomość
11. Alicart, H., Cucurell, D., Mas-Herrero, E., & Marco-Pallarés, J. (2015). Human oscillatory activity in near-miss events. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 10(10), 1405-1412. https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsv033 (EEG, 20 osób)
    Efekt prawie wygranej
12. Allais, M. (1953). Le comportement de l’homme rationnel devant le risque: Critique des postulats et axiomes de l’école américaine. Econometrica, 21(4), 503-546. https://doi.org/10.2307/1907921 (opis z omówień w pracach cytowanych niżej)
    Efekt pewności
13. Almashat, S., Ayotte, B., Edelstein, B., & Margrett, J. (2008). Framing effect debiasing in medical decision making. Patient Education and Counseling, 71(1), 102-107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2007.11.004 (102 osoby, trzy scenariusze medyczne)
    Efekt framingu
14. Alpert, M., & Raiffa, H. (1982). A progress report on the training of probability assessors. W D. Kahneman, P. Slovic, & A. Tversky (Red.), Judgment under uncertainty: Heuristics and biases (s. 294-305). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511809477.022 (rozdział)
    Nadmierna precyzja
15. Altmann, E. M., Trafton, J. G., & Hambrick, D. Z. (2014). Momentary interruptions can derail the train of thought. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 143(1), 215-226. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0030986
    UwagaMózg w liczbach
16. Amlung, M., Marsden, E., Holshausen, K., Morris, V., Patel, H., Vedelago, L., Naish, K. R., Reed, D. D., & McCabe, R. E. (2019). Delay discounting as a transdiagnostic process in psychiatric disorders: A meta-analysis. JAMA Psychiatry, 76(11), 1176-1186. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.2102 (43 badania, 57 wielkości efektu)
    Dyskontowanie odroczonych nagród
17. Amunts K, Lepage C, Borgeat L i wsp. BigBrain: An Ultrahigh-Resolution 3D Human Brain Model. Science 340, 1472 (2013). doi:10.1126/science.1235381 (skrawek 3872 z 7404, boczna powierzchnia płata skroniowego)
    PodróżOd Ziemi do synapsy
18. Andersen, P., & Nordvik, H. (2002). Possible Barnum effect in the five factor model: Do respondents accept random NEO Personality Inventory-Revised scores as their actual trait profile? Psychological Reports, 90(2), 539-545. https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2002.90.2.539 (75 osób)
    Efekt Barnuma
19. Andersson, L., Eriksson, J., Stillesjö, S., Juslin, P., Nyberg, L., & Wirebring, L. K. (2020). Neurocognitive processes underlying heuristic and normative probability judgments. Cognition, 196, Article 104153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2019.104153 (fMRI, 67 osób)
    Błąd koniunkcji
20. Andonovski, N., & Michaelian, K. (2023). Accounting for the strangeness, infrequency, and suddenness of déjà vu. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 46, Article e358. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X23000237
    Déjà vu
21. André, Q., & de Langhe, B. (2021). No evidence for loss aversion disappearance and reversal in Walasek and Stewart (2015). Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 150(12), 2659-2665. https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0001052
    Awersja do strat
22. Andreassen, C. S., Griffiths, M. D., Hetland, J., Kravina, L., Jensen, F., & Pallesen, S. (2014). The prevalence of workaholism: A survey study in a nationally representative sample of Norwegian employees. PLoS ONE, 9(8), e102446. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0102446
    Dopamina
23. Andrews, K., Birch, J., Sebo, J., i in. (2024). The New York Declaration on Animal Consciousness. New York University. https://sites.google.com/nyu.edu/nydeclaration/declaration
    Świadomość
24. Andrews, K., Murphy, L., Munday, R., & Littlewood, C. (1996). Misdiagnosis of the vegetative state: Retrospective study in a rehabilitation unit. BMJ, 313(7048), 13-16. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.313.7048.13
    Świadomość
25. Andrillon, T., Nir, Y., Staba, R. J., Ferrarelli, F., Cirelli, C., Tononi, G., & Fried, I. (2011). Sleep spindles in humans: Insights from intracranial EEG and unit recordings. Journal of Neuroscience, 31(49), 17821-17834. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2604-11.2011
    Sen
26. Apicella, C. L., Azevedo, E. M., Christakis, N. A., & Fowler, J. H. (2014). Evolutionary origins of the endowment effect: Evidence from hunter-gatherers. American Economic Review, 104(6), 1793-1805. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.104.6.1793 (91 osób z ludu Hadza)
    Efekt posiadania
27. Arce, R., Selaya, A., Sanmarco, J., & Fariña, F. (2023). Implanting rich autobiographical false memories: Meta-analysis for forensic practice and judicial judgment making. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 23(4), Article 100386. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijchp.2023.100386
    Fałszywe wspomnienia
28. Ariely, D., Loewenstein, G., & Prelec, D. (2003). “Coherent arbitrariness”: Stable demand curves without stable preferences. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 118(1), 73-106. https://doi.org/10.1162/00335530360535153 (eksperyment 1: 55 studentów MBA)
    Efekt zakotwiczenia
29. Arioli, M., Colletti, M. P. M., Cattaneo, Z., & Canessa, N. (2026). Mapping the functional neurocognitive correlates of loss aversion: A coordinate-based meta-analysis. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 191, 106937. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2026.106937
    Awersja do strat
30. Arkes, H. R., & Blumer, C. (1985). The psychology of sunk cost. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 35(1), 124-140. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(85)90049-4 (badanie 1: 61 osób; badanie 2: 54 osoby z karnetami; badanie 3: 108 osób; badanie 10: 181 osób)
    Efekt utopionych kosztów
31. Arkes, H. R., Aberegg, S. K., & Arpin, K. A. (2022). Analysis of physicians’ probability estimates of a medical outcome based on a sequence of events. JAMA Network Open, 5(6), Article e2218804. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.18804 (215 lekarzy)
    Błąd koniunkcji
32. Arkes, H. R., Faust, D., Guilmette, T. J., & Hart, K. (1988). Eliminating the hindsight bias. Journal of Applied Psychology, 73(2), 305-307. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.73.2.305 (opisujemy według Roese i Vohs, 2012)
    Efekt wiedzy po fakcie
33. Asamoah, B., Khatoun, A., & Mc Laughlin, M. (2019). tACS motor system effects can be caused by transcutaneous stimulation of peripheral nerves. Nature Communications, 10(1), 266. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-08183-w
    Fale mózgowe
34. Ascoli, G. A., Donohue, D. E., & Halavi, M. (2007). NeuroMorpho.Org: A central resource for neuronal morphologies. Journal of Neuroscience, 27(35), 9247-9251. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2055-07.2007
    Ból
35. Aserinsky, E., & Kleitman, N. (1953). Regularly occurring periods of eye motility, and concomitant phenomena, during sleep. Science, 118(3062), 273-274. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.118.3062.273
    Sen
36. Ashar, Y. K., Gordon, A., Schubiner, H., Uipi, C., Knight, K., Anderson, Z., Carlisle, J., Polisky, L., Geuter, S., Flood, T. F., Kragel, P. A., Dimidjian, S., Lumley, M. A., & Wager, T. D. (2022). Effect of pain reprocessing therapy vs placebo and usual care for patients with chronic back pain: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry, 79(1), 13-23. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2021.2669
    Ból
37. Aston-Jones, G., & Cohen, J. D. (2005). An integrative theory of locus coeruleus-norepinephrine function: Adaptive gain and optimal performance. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 28(1), 403-450. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.neuro.28.061604.135709
    Uwaga
38. Attwell, D., & Laughlin, S. B. (2001). An Energy Budget for Signaling in the Grey Matter of the Brain. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism, 21(10), 1133-1145. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004647-200110000-00001
    UwagaMózg w liczbach
39. Azevedo i wsp., J Comp Neurol 513:532-541 (2009) doi:10.1002/cne.21974 (n = 4, mózgi dorosłych mężczyzn)
    Mózg w liczbach
40. Baars, B. J. (2002). The conscious access hypothesis: Origins and recent evidence. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 6(1), 47-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1364-6613(00)01819-2
    Świadomość
41. Babiloni, C., Barry, R. J., Başar, E., Blinowska, K. J., Cichocki, A., Drinkenburg, W. H. I. M., Klimesch, W., Knight, R. T., Lopes da Silva, F., Nunez, P., Oostenveld, R., Jeong, J., Pascual-Marqui, R., Valdes-Sosa, P., & Hallett, M. (2020). International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology (IFCN) - EEG research workgroup: Recommendations on frequency and topographic analysis of resting state EEG rhythms. Part 1: Applications in clinical research studies. Clinical Neurophysiology, 131(1), 285-307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2019.06.234
    Fale mózgowe
42. Bago, B., Frey, D., Vidal, J., Houdé, O., Borst, G., & De Neys, W. (2018). Fast and slow thinking: Electrophysiological evidence for early conflict sensitivity. Neuropsychologia, 117, 483-490. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.07.017 (EEG, 31 osób)
    Błąd koniunkcjiPomijanie częstości bazowej
43. Balasubramanian, PNAS 118:e2107022118 (2021) doi:10.1073/pnas.2107022118 (szacunek z badań PET)
    Mózg w liczbach
44. Baliki, M. N., Petre, B., Torbey, S., Herrmann, K. M., Huang, L., Schnitzer, T. J., Fields, H. L., & Apkarian, A. V. (2012). Corticostriatal functional connectivity predicts transition to chronic back pain. Nature Neuroscience, 15(8), 1117-1119. https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.3153
    Ból
45. Balliet, D., Wu, J., & De Dreu, C. K. W. (2014). Ingroup favoritism in cooperation: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 140(6), 1556-1581. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0037737 (metaanaliza badań nad współpracą)
    Faworyzowanie grupy własnej
46. Bar-Hillel, M. (1977). The base-rate fallacy in probability judgments (Raport techniczny PTR-1042-77-4). Decision Research. https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/citations/ADA045772 (zadanie z taksówkami i silnikami; wersja czasopiśmiennicza: Acta Psychologica, 44(3), 211-233, 1980)
    Pomijanie częstości bazowej
47. Barry, R. J., Clarke, A. R., Johnstone, S. J., Magee, C. A., & Rushby, J. A. (2007). EEG differences between eyes-closed and eyes-open resting conditions. Clinical Neurophysiology, 118(12), 2765-2773. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2007.07.028
    Fale mózgowe
48. Bartol i wsp., eLife 4:e10778 (2015) doi:10.7554/eLife.10778 (szczur)
    Mózg w liczbach
49. Bartolomei, F., Barbeau, E. J., Nguyen, T., McGonigal, A., Régis, J., Chauvel, P., & Wendling, F. (2012). Rhinal-hippocampal interactions during déjà vu. Clinical Neurophysiology, 123(3), 489-495. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2011.08.012
    Déjà vu
50. Bartolomei, F., Barbeau, E., Gavaret, M., Guye, M., McGonigal, A., Régis, J., & Chauvel, P. (2004). Cortical stimulation study of the role of rhinal cortex in déjà vu and reminiscence of memories. Neurology, 63(5), 858-864. https://doi.org/10.1212/01.wnl.0000137037.56916.3f
    Déjà vu
51. Barton, K. R., Yazdani, Y., Ayer, N., Kalvapalle, S., Brown, S., Stapleton, J., Brown, D. G., & Harrigan, K. A. (2017). The effect of losses disguised as wins and near misses in electronic gaming machines: A systematic review. Journal of Gambling Studies, 33(4), 1241-1260. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-017-9688-0 (przegląd 51 badań)
    Efekt prawie wygranej
52. Barzó, P., Szöts, I., Tóth, M., Csajbók, É., Molnár, G., & Tamás, G. (2025). Electrophysiology and morphology of human cortical supragranular pyramidal cells in a wide age range. eLife, 13, RP100390. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.100390
    Od mikrosekund do dekad
53. Barzykowski, K., & Moulin, C. J. A. (2023). Are involuntary autobiographical memory and déjà vu natural products of memory retrieval? Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 46, Article e356. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X22002035
    Déjà vu
54. Bateson, M., Healy, S. D., & Hurly, T. A. (2003). Context-dependent foraging decisions in rufous hummingbirds. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 270(1521), 1271-1276. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2003.2365
    Efekt wabika
55. Batres, C., & Shiramizu, V. (2023). Examining the “attractiveness halo effect” across cultures. Current Psychology, 42(29), 25515-25519. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-022-03575-0 (11 570 osób z 45 krajów)
    Efekt aureoli
56. Baumeister, R. F., & Vohs, K. D. (2016). Misguided effort with elusive implications. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 11(4), 574-575. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691616652878 (komentarz)
    Wyczerpanie ego
57. Baumeister, R. F., Bratslavsky, E., Muraven, M., & Tice, D. M. (1998). Ego depletion: Is the active self a limited resource? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74(5), 1252-1265. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.74.5.1252 (cztery eksperymenty)
    Wyczerpanie ego
58. Baumgartner, T., Schiller, B., Rieskamp, J., Gianotti, L. R. R., & Knoch, D. (2014). Diminishing parochialism in intergroup conflict by disrupting the right temporo-parietal junction. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 9(5), 653-660. https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nst023 (36 kibiców, stymulacja magnetyczna)
    Faworyzowanie grupy własnej
59. Bayne, T., Frohlich, J., Cusack, R., Moser, J., & Naci, L. (2023). Consciousness in the cradle: On the emergence of infant experience. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 27(12), 1135-1149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2023.08.018
    Świadomość
60. Bayne, T., Hohwy, J., & Owen, A. M. (2016). Are there levels of consciousness? Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 20(6), 405-413. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2016.03.009
    Świadomość
61. Bean, Nat Rev Neurosci 8:451-465 (2007), przegląd doi:10.1038/nrn2148 (mysz i szczur)
    Mózg w liczbach
62. Beaulieu, J.-M., & Gainetdinov, R. R. (2011). The Physiology, Signaling, and Pharmacology of Dopamine Receptors. Pharmacological Reviews, 63(1), 182-217. https://doi.org/10.1124/pr.110.002642
    Dopamina
63. Beck, D. M., Muggleton, N., Walsh, V., & Lavie, N. (2006). Right parietal cortex plays a critical role in change blindness. Cerebral Cortex, 16(5), 712-717. https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhj017 (stymulacja magnetyczna, 9 osób)
    Niewidzenie zmian
64. Beck, D. M., Rees, G., Frith, C. D., & Lavie, N. (2001). Neural correlates of change detection and change blindness. Nature Neuroscience, 4(6), 645-650. https://doi.org/10.1038/88477 (fMRI, 10 osób)
    Niewidzenie zmian
65. Beecher, H. K. (1946). Pain in men wounded in battle. Annals of Surgery, 123(1), 96-105. https://doi.org/10.1097/00000658-194601000-00008
    Ból
66. Beer, J. S., & Hughes, B. L. (2010). Neural systems of social comparison and the “above-average” effect. NeuroImage, 49(3), 2671-2679. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.10.075 (fMRI)
    Efekt ślepej plamki
67. Beknazar-Yuzbashev, G., Ichiba, S., & Stalinski, M. (2026). To the depths of the sunk cost: Experiments revisiting the elusive effect. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 241, Article 107352. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2025.107352 (eksperyment online: 1806 osób; eksperyment w YouTube: 11 328 filmów)
    Efekt utopionych kosztów
68. Bell, R., Nadarevic, L., Mieth, L., & Buchner, A. (2025). The illusory-truth effect and its absence under accuracy-focused processing are robust across contexts of low and high advertising exposure. Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, 10(1), Article 21. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41235-025-00628-3
    Efekt iluzorycznej prawdy
69. Ben-David, I., Graham, J. R., & Harvey, C. R. (2013). Managerial miscalibration. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 128(4), 1547-1584. https://doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjt023 (ponad 13 300 prognoz)
    Nadmierna precyzja
70. Ben-Jonathan, N., & Hnasko, R. (2001). Dopamine as a Prolactin (PRL) Inhibitor. Endocrine Reviews, 22(6), 724-763. https://doi.org/10.1210/edrv.22.6.0451
    Dopamina
71. Béna, J., Rihet, M., Carreras, O., & Terrier, P. (2023). Repetition could increase the perceived truth of conspiracy theories. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 30(6), 2397-2406. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-023-02276-4
    Efekt iluzorycznej prawdy
72. Benjamin, D. J., Laibson, D., Mischel, W., Peake, P. K., Shoda, Y., Wellsjo, A. S., & Wilson, N. L. (2020). Predicting mid-life capital formation with pre-school delay of gratification and life-course measures of self-regulation. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 179, 743-756. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2019.08.016 (113 osób w wieku około 46 lat)
    Test pianki Marshmallow
73. Berger, Archiv für Psychiatrie und Nervenkrankheiten 87:527-570 (1929) doi:10.1007/BF01797193 (częstotliwość ok. 10 Hz znana z opracowań historycznych)
    Mózg w liczbach
74. Berkers, R. M. W. J., van der Linden, M., de Almeida, R. F., Müller, N. C. J., Bovy, L., Dresler, M., Morris, R. G. M., & Fernández, G. (2017). Transient medial prefrontal perturbation reduces false memory formation. Cortex, 88, 42-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2016.12.015 (stymulacja)
    Fałszywe wspomnienia
75. Berkman, E. T., & Miller-Ziegler, J. S. (2013). Imaging depletion: fMRI provides new insights into the processes underlying ego depletion. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 8(4), 359-361. https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nss111 (komentarz)
    Wyczerpanie ego
76. Berman, M. G., Yourganov, G., Askren, M. K., Ayduk, O., Casey, B. J., Gotlib, I. H., i in. (2013). Dimensionality of brain networks linked to life-long individual differences in self-control. Nature Communications, 4, Article 1373. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms2374 (fMRI, 24 osoby)
    Test pianki Marshmallow
77. Bernstein, D. M., Erdfelder, E., Meltzoff, A. N., Peria, W., & Loftus, G. R. (2011). Hindsight bias from 3 to 95 years of age. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 37(2), 378-391. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0021971 (194 osoby w wieku od 3 do 95 lat)
    Efekt wiedzy po fakcie
78. Berridge, K. C. (2007). The debate over dopamine’s role in reward: the case for incentive salience. Psychopharmacology, 191(3), 391-431. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-006-0578-x
    Dopamina
79. Berridge, K. C., & Kringelbach, M. L. (2015). Pleasure Systems in the Brain. Neuron, 86(3), 646-664. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2015.02.018
    Dopamina
80. Berridge, K. C., & Robinson, T. E. (1998). What is the role of dopamine in reward: hedonic impact, reward learning, or incentive salience? Brain Research Reviews, 28(3), 309-369. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0165-0173(98)00019-8
    DopaminaMózg w liczbach
81. Berridge, K. C., Venier, I. L., & Robinson, T. E. (1989). Taste reactivity analysis of 6-hydroxydopamine-induced aphagia: Implications for arousal and anhedonia hypotheses of dopamine function. Behavioral Neuroscience, 103(1), 36-45. https://doi.org/10.1037/0735-7044.103.1.36
    Dopamina
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85. Bethlehem, R. A. I., Seidlitz, J., White, S. R., Vogel, J. W., Anderson, K. M., Adamson, C., Adler, S., Alexopoulos, G. S., Anagnostou, E., Areces-Gonzalez, A., Astle, D. E., Auyeung, B., Ayub, M., Bae, J., Ball, G., Baron-Cohen, S., Beare, R., Bedford, S. A., Benegal, V., … Alexander-Bloch, A. F. (2022). Brain charts for the human lifespan. Nature, 604(7906), 525-533. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-04554-y (korekta wydawcy: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-05300-0)
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86. Bhardwaj, R. D., Curtis, M. A., Spalding, K. L., Buchholz, B. A., Fink, D., Björk-Eriksson, T., Nordborg, C., Gage, F. H., Druid, H., Eriksson, P. S., & Frisén, J. (2006). Neocortical neurogenesis in humans is restricted to development. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 103(33), 12564-12568. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0605177103
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87. Billig, M., & Tajfel, H. (1973). Social categorization and similarity in intergroup behaviour. European Journal of Social Psychology, 3(1), 27-52. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.2420030103 (75 chłopców, tabele w zadaniu)
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88. Binda, P., & Morrone, M. C. (2018). Vision during saccadic eye movements. Annual Review of Vision Science, 4, 193-213. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-vision-091517-034317
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89. Birch, J., Burn, C., Schnell, A., Browning, H., & Crump, A. (2021). Review of the evidence of sentience in cephalopod molluscs and decapod crustaceans. LSE Consulting, London School of Economics and Political Science. https://www.lse.ac.uk/News/News-Assets/PDFs/2021/Sentience-in-Cephalopod-Molluscs-and-Decapod-Crustaceans-Final-Report-November-2021.pdf (raport bez DOI; rekord w repozytorium LSE: researchonline.lse.ac.uk/id/eprint/115994)
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95. Blavatskyy, P., Ortmann, A., & Panchenko, V. (2022). On the experimental robustness of the Allais paradox. American Economic Journal: Microeconomics, 14(1), 143-163. https://doi.org/10.1257/mic.20190153 (81 eksperymentów z 29 badań)
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97. Block, N. (1995). On a confusion about a function of consciousness. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 18(2), 227-247. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X00038188
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98. Block, N. (2007). Consciousness, accessibility, and the mesh between psychology and neuroscience. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 30(5-6), 481-499. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X07002786
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103. Bogdanov, M., Ruff, C. C., & Schwabe, L. (2017). Transcranial stimulation over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex increases the impact of past expenses on decision-making. Cerebral Cortex, 27(2), 1094-1102. https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhv298 (tDCS nad prawą grzbietowo-boczną korą przedczołową)
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106. Boldrini, M., Fulmore, C. A., Tartt, A. N., Simeon, L. R., Pavlova, I., Poposka, V., Rosoklija, G. B., Stankov, A., Arango, V., Dwork, A. J., Hen, R., & Mann, J. J. (2018). Human hippocampal neurogenesis persists throughout aging. Cell Stem Cell, 22(4), 589-599.e5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stem.2018.03.015
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110. Borghesani, V., Narvid, J., Battistella, G., Shwe, W., Watson, C., Binney, R. J., Sturm, V., Miller, Z., Mandelli, M. L., Miller, B., & Gorno-Tempini, M. L. (2019). “Looks familiar, but I do not know who she is”: The role of the anterior right temporal lobe in famous face recognition. Cortex, 115, 72-85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2019.01.006 (105 pacjentów)
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113. Böttger, T., Poschik, M., & Zierer, K. (2023). Does the Brain Drain Effect Really Exist? A Meta-Analysis. Behavioral Sciences, 13(9), Article 751. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13090751
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117. Bradbury, N. A. (2016). Attention span during lectures: 8 seconds, 10 minutes, or more? Advances in Physiology Education, 40(4), 509-513. https://doi.org/10.1152/advan.00109.2016
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119. Branchini, E., Burro, R., & Bianchi, I. (2023). Training people to think in opposites facilitates the falsification process in Wason’s rule discovery task. Journal of Intelligence, 11(5), Article 91. https://doi.org/10.3390/jintelligence11050091 (120 osób)
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131. Brooks i Lack, Sleep 29:831-840 (2006) doi:10.1093/sleep/29.6.831 (24 młode osoby po nocy skróconej do ok. 5 godzin, drzemki od 5 do 30 minut)
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132. Brosch, T., Schiller, D., Mojdehbakhsh, R., Uleman, J. S., & Phelps, E. A. (2013). Neural mechanisms underlying the integration of situational information into attribution outcomes. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 8(6), 640-646. https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nst019 (fMRI, 19 osób)
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140. Bruno, M.-A., Bernheim, J. L., Ledoux, D., Pellas, F., Demertzi, A., & Laureys, S. (2011). A survey on self-assessed well-being in a cohort of chronic locked-in syndrome patients: Happy majority, miserable minority. BMJ Open, 1(1), e000039. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2010-000039
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141. Bryan, C. J., & Hershfield, H. E. (2012). You owe it to yourself: Boosting retirement saving with a responsibility-based appeal. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 141(3), 429-432. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0026173
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142. Budney, A. J., Roffman, R., Stephens, R. S., & Walker, D. (2007). Marijuana dependence and its treatment. Addiction Science & Clinical Practice, 4(1), 4-16. https://doi.org/10.1151/ascp07414
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148. Butlin, P., Long, R., Bayne, T., Bengio, Y., Birch, J., Chalmers, D., Constant, A., Deane, G., Elmoznino, E., Fleming, S. M., Ji, X., Kanai, R., Klein, C., Lindsay, G., Michel, M., Mudrik, L., Peters, M. A. K., Schwitzgebel, E., Simon, J., & VanRullen, R. (2026). Identifying indicators of consciousness in AI systems. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 30(6), 488-501. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2025.10.011
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149. Butlin, P., Long, R., Elmoznino, E., Bengio, Y., Birch, J., Constant, A., Deane, G., Fleming, S. M., Frith, C., Ji, X., Kanai, R., Klein, C., Lindsay, G., Michel, M., Mudrik, L., Peters, M. A. K., Schwitzgebel, E., Simon, J., & VanRullen, R. (2023). Consciousness in artificial intelligence: Insights from the science of consciousness (arXiv:2308.08708v3) [Preprint]. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2308.08708
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150. Butry, L., Thomä, J., Elsenbruch, S., Icenhour, A., Rehmann, R., Enax-Krumova, E., & Schlaffke, L. (2025). Brain network properties in chronic pain - a systematic review and meta-analysis of graph-based connectivity metrics. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 19, 1672542. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2025.1672542
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152. Buzsáki, G., Anastassiou, C. A., & Koch, C. (2012). The origin of extracellular fields and currents - EEG, ECoG, LFP and spikes. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 13(6), 407-420. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn3241
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153. Bzdok, D., Langner, R., Caspers, S., Kurth, F., Habel, U., Zilles, K., Laird, A., & Eickhoff, S. B. (2011). ALE meta-analysis on facial judgments of trustworthiness and attractiveness. Brain Structure and Function, 215(3-4), 209-223. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-010-0287-4 (metaanaliza 16 badań fMRI)
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154. Cabeza, R., Rao, S. M., Wagner, A. D., Mayer, A. R., & Schacter, D. L. (2001). Can medial temporal lobe regions distinguish true from false? An event-related functional MRI study of veridical and illusory recognition memory. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 98(8), 4805-4810. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.081082698 (fMRI, 12 osób)
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155. Cacioppo, S., Frum, C., Asp, E., Weiss, R. M., Lewis, J. W., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2013). A quantitative meta-analysis of functional imaging studies of social rejection. Scientific Reports, 3(1), 2027. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep02027
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156. Cadle, B., Mutchnick, I., Karia, S., Stilp, R., Nascimento, F. A., & Karakas, C. (2024). Déjà-vu sensation induced by cortical stimulation of the posterior cingulate cortex. Neurocase, 30(6), 241-245. https://doi.org/10.1080/13554794.2024.2436220
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157. Cai, D. J., Mednick, S. A., Harrison, E. M., Kanady, J. C., & Mednick, S. C. (2009). REM, not incubation, improves creativity by priming associative networks. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106(25), 10130-10134. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0900271106
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158. Caird, J. K., Willness, C. R., Steel, P., & Scialfa, C. (2008). A meta-analysis of the effects of cell phones on driver performance. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 40(4), 1282-1293. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2008.01.009
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159. Calio, F., Nadarevic, L., & Musch, J. (2025). Assessing the truth effect's reliability and test-retest stability. Consciousness and Cognition, 135, Article 103923. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2025.103923
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160. Caminiti i wsp., J Neurosci 33:14501-14511 (2013) doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0761-13.2013 (szacunek z grubości aksonów)
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161. Canessa, N., Crespi, C., Motterlini, M., Baud-Bovy, G., Chierchia, G., Pantaleo, G., Tettamanti, M., & Cappa, S. F. (2013). The functional and structural neural basis of individual differences in loss aversion. Journal of Neuroscience, 33(36), 14307-14317. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0497-13.2013 (56 osób, fMRI i morfometria)
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162. Card, N. S., Wairagkar, M., Iacobacci, C., Hou, X., Singer-Clark, T., Willett, F. R., Kunz, E. M., Fan, C., Vahdati Nia, M., Deo, D. R., Srinivasan, A., Choi, E. Y., Glasser, M. F., Hochberg, L. R., Henderson, J. M., Shahlaie, K., Stavisky, S. D., & Brandman, D. M. (2024). An accurate and rapidly calibrating speech neuroprosthesis. New England Journal of Medicine, 391(7), 609-618. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2314132
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     Fale mózgowe
164. Carlson, S. M., Shoda, Y., Ayduk, O., Aber, L., Schaefer, C., Sethi, A., Wilson, N., Peake, P. K., & Mischel, W. (2018). Cohort effects in children's delay of gratification. Developmental Psychology, 54(8), 1395-1407. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000533 (840 dzieci z trzech dekad, 354 dorosłych w ankiecie)
     Test pianki Marshmallow
165. Carlsson, A., Lindqvist, M., & Magnusson, T. (1957). 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine and 5-Hydroxytryptophan as Reserpine Antagonists. Nature, 180(4596), 1200. https://doi.org/10.1038/1801200a0
     Dopamina
166. Carlsson, A., Lindqvist, M., Magnusson, T., & Waldeck, B. (1958). On the Presence of 3-Hydroxytyramine in Brain. Science, 127(3296), 471. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.127.3296.471
     Dopamina
167. Carney, D. R. (2016). My position on “Power Poses” [Oświadczenie na stronie autorki]. https://faculty.haas.berkeley.edu/dana_carney/pdf_My%20position%20on%20power%20poses.pdf
     Pozy siły (power posing)
168. Carney, D. R., Cuddy, A. J. C., & Yap, A. J. (2010). Power posing: Brief nonverbal displays affect neuroendocrine levels and risk tolerance. Psychological Science, 21(10), 1363-1368. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797610383437 (42 osoby)
     Pozy siły (power posing)
169. Carney, D. R., Cuddy, A. J. C., & Yap, A. J. (2015). Review and summary of research on the embodied effects of expansive (vs. contractive) nonverbal displays. Psychological Science, 26(5), 657-663. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797614566855 (komentarz)
     Pozy siły (power posing)
170. Carrasco, M., Ling, S., & Read, S. (2004). Attention alters appearance. Nature Neuroscience, 7(3), 308-313. https://doi.org/10.1038/nn1194
     Uwaga
171. Carroll, G. D., Choi, J. J., Laibson, D., Madrian, B. C., & Metrick, A. (2009). Optimal defaults and active decisions. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 124(4), 1639-1674. https://doi.org/10.1162/qjec.2009.124.4.1639
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172. Carter, E. C., & McCullough, M. E. (2014). Publication bias and the limited strength model of self-control: Has the evidence for ego depletion been overestimated? Frontiers in Psychology, 5, Article 823. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00823 (ponowna analiza)
     Wyczerpanie ego
173. Carter, E. C., Kofler, L. M., Forster, D. E., & McCullough, M. E. (2015). A series of meta-analytic tests of the depletion effect: Self-control does not seem to rely on a limited resource. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 144(4), 796-815. https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0000083 (metaanaliza, 116 eksperymentów)
     Wyczerpanie ego
174. Carvalho, C., Caetano, J. M., Cunha, L., Rebouta, P., Kaptchuk, T. J., & Kirsch, I. (2016). Open-label placebo treatment in chronic low back pain: A randomized controlled trial. Pain, 157(12), 2766-2772. https://doi.org/10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000700
     Ból
175. Casali, A. G., Gosseries, O., Rosanova, M., Boly, M., Sarasso, S., Casali, K. R., Casarotto, S., Bruno, M.-A., Laureys, S., Tononi, G., & Massimini, M. (2013). A theoretically based index of consciousness independent of sensory processing and behavior. Science Translational Medicine, 5(198), 198ra105. https://doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.3006294
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176. Casarotto, S., Comanducci, A., Rosanova, M., Sarasso, S., Fecchio, M., Napolitani, M., Pigorini, A., Casali, A. G., Trimarchi, P. D., Boly, M., Gosseries, O., Bodart, O., Curto, F., Landi, C., Mariotti, M., Devalle, G., Laureys, S., Tononi, G., & Massimini, M. (2016). Stratification of unresponsive patients by an independently validated index of brain complexity. Annals of Neurology, 80(5), 718-729. https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.24779
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177. Casey, B. J., Somerville, L. H., Gotlib, I. H., Ayduk, O., Franklin, N. T., Askren, M. K., i in. (2011). Behavioral and neural correlates of delay of gratification 40 years later. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 108(36), 14998-15003. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1108561108 (59 osób w zadaniu, 26 w fMRI)
     Test pianki Marshmallow
178. Casscells, W., Schoenberger, A., & Graboys, T. B. (1978). Interpretation by physicians of clinical laboratory results. New England Journal of Medicine, 299(18), 999-1001. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM197811022991808 (60 osób)
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179. Caterina, M. J., Schumacher, M. A., Tominaga, M., Rosen, T. A., Levine, J. D., & Julius, D. (1997). The capsaicin receptor: A heat-activated ion channel in the pain pathway. Nature, 389(6653), 816-824. https://doi.org/10.1038/39807
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180. Cavanagh, J. F., & Frank, M. J. (2014). Frontal theta as a mechanism for cognitive control. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 18(8), 414-421. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2014.04.012
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181. Celiktutan, B., Cadario, R., & Morewedge, C. K. (2024). People see more of their biases in algorithms. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 121(16), Article e2317602121. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2317602121 (9 eksperymentów, 6175 osób)
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182. Cellier, D., Riddle, J., Petersen, I., & Hwang, K. (2021). The development of theta and alpha neural oscillations from ages 3 to 24 years. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 50, Article 100969. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcn.2021.100969
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183. Cepeda i wsp., Psychol Bull 132:354-380 (2006), metaanaliza doi:10.1037/0033-2909.132.3.354 (317 eksperymentów, głównie słowa i fakty)
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184. Cepeda, N. J., Vul, E., Rohrer, D., Wixted, J. T., & Pashler, H. (2008). Spacing effects in learning: A temporal ridgeline of optimal retention. Psychological Science, 19(11), 1095-1102. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02209.x
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185. Cesario, J., Jonas, K. J., & Carney, D. R. (2017). CRSP special issue on power poses: What was the point and what did we learn? Comprehensive Results in Social Psychology, 2(1), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1080/23743603.2017.1309876 (wstęp do numeru specjalnego)
     Pozy siły (power posing)
186. Chabris, C. F., Weinberger, A., Fontaine, M., & Simons, D. J. (2011). You do not talk about Fight Club if you do not notice Fight Club: Inattentional blindness for a simulated real-world assault. i-Perception, 2(2), 150-153. https://doi.org/10.1068/i0436 (3 badania, 94 osoby)
     Ślepota pozauwagowa
187. Chalmers, D. J. (1995). Facing up to the problem of consciousness. Journal of Consciousness Studies, 2(3), 200-219.
     Świadomość
188. Chan, D., Suk, H.-J., Jackson, B. L., Milman, N. P., Stark, D., Klerman, E. B., Kitchener, E., Fernandez Avalos, V. S., de Weck, G., Banerjee, A., Beach, S. D., Blanchard, J., Stearns, C., Boes, A. D., Uitermarkt, B., Gander, P., Howard, M., Sternberg, E. J., Nieto-Castanon, A., … Tsai, L.-H. (2022). Gamma frequency sensory stimulation in mild probable Alzheimer's dementia patients: Results of feasibility and pilot studies. PLOS ONE, 17(12), e0278412. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0278412
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189. Chandrashekar, S. P., Adelina, N., Zeng, S., Chiu, Y. Y. E., Leung, G. Y. S., Henne, P., Cheng, B. L., & Feldman, G. (2023). Defaults versus framing: Revisiting default effect and framing effect with replications and extensions of Johnson and Goldstein (2003) and Johnson, Bellman, and Lohse (2002). Meta-Psychology, 7. https://doi.org/10.15626/MP.2022.3108 (powtórka, 1920 osób)
     Efekt opcji domyślnej
190. Chandrashekar, S. P., Cheng, Y. H., Fong, C. L., Leung, Y. C., Wong, Y. T., Cheng, B. L., & Feldman, G. (2021). Frequency estimation and semantic ambiguity do not eliminate conjunction bias, when it occurs: Replication and extension of Mellers, Hertwig, and Kahneman (2001). Meta-Psychology, 5. https://doi.org/10.15626/MP.2020.2474 (1032 osoby, plan zarejestrowany przed badaniem)
     Błąd koniunkcji
191. Chandrashekar, S. P., Yeung, S. K., Yau, K. C., Cheung, C. Y., Agarwal, T. K., Wong, C. Y. J., Pillai, T., Thirlwell, T. N., Leung, W. N., Tse, C., Li, Y. T., Cheng, B. L., Chan, H. Y. C., & Feldman, G. (2021). Agency and self-other asymmetries in perceived bias and shortcomings: Replications of the Bias Blind Spot and link to free will beliefs. Judgment and Decision Making, 16(6), 1392-1412. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1930297500008470 (969 osób, plan zarejestrowany przed badaniem)
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192. Charness, G., Karni, E., & Levin, D. (2010). On the conjunction fallacy in probability judgment: New experimental evidence regarding Linda. Games and Economic Behavior, 68(2), 551-556. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geb.2009.09.003
     Błąd koniunkcji
193. Chase, H. W., & Clark, L. (2010). Gambling severity predicts midbrain response to near-miss outcomes. The Journal of Neuroscience, 30(18), 6180-6187. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5758-09.2010 (fMRI, 20 osób)
     Efekt prawie wygranej
194. Chaudhary, U., Xia, B., Silvoni, S., Cohen, L. G., & Birbaumer, N. (2017). Brain-computer interface-based communication in the completely locked-in state [Praca wycofana w 2019 r.]. PLoS Biology, 15(1), e1002593. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1002593
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195. Chen, D. L., Moskowitz, T. J., & Shue, K. (2016). Decision making under the gambler’s fallacy: Evidence from asylum judges, loan officers, and baseball umpires. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 131(3), 1181-1242. https://doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjw017
     Złudzenie gracza i gorąca ręka
196. Chen, J., Kwan, L. C., Ma, L. Y., Choi, H. Y., Lo, Y. C., Au, S. Y., Tsang, C. H., Cheng, B. L., & Feldman, G. (2021). Retrospective and prospective hindsight bias: Replications and extensions of Fischhoff (1975) and Slovic and Fischhoff (1977). Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 96, Article 104154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2021.104154 (powtórzenie na 890 osobach)
     Efekt wiedzy po fakcie
197. Chen, J., Littlefair, S., Bourne, R., & Reed, W. M. (2020). The effect of visual hindsight bias on radiologist perception. Academic Radiology, 27(7), 977-984. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acra.2019.09.032 (16 radiologów)
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198. Chen, Y.-H., Cheng, H.-P., Lu, Y.-W., Lee, P.-H., Northoff, G., & Yen, N.-S. (2019). Can knowledge of election results change recall of our predictions? Neural correlates of political hindsight bias. PLOS ONE, 14(10), Article e0220690. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0220690 (fMRI, 26 osób przed wyborami, 24 po, 19 w analizie mózgu)
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199. Cheng, C., Lau, Y.-c., Chan, L., & Luk, J. W. (2021). Prevalence of social media addiction across 32 nations: Meta-analysis with subgroup analysis of classification schemes and cultural values. Addictive Behaviors, 117, Article 106845. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.106845
     Dopamina
200. Cheng, P. W., Holyoak, K. J., Nisbett, R. E., & Oliver, L. M. (1986). Pragmatic versus syntactic approaches to training deductive reasoning. Cognitive Psychology, 18(3), 293-328. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-0285(86)90002-2 (wzór lekcji w badaniu z 1999 roku)
     Efekt Dunninga-Krugera
201. Cherniawsky, A. S., & Holroyd, C. B. (2013). High temporal discounters overvalue immediate rewards rather than undervalue future rewards: An event-related brain potential study. Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, 13(1), 36-45. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13415-012-0122-x (EEG)
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202. Cherry, E. C. (1953). Some Experiments on the Recognition of Speech, with One and with Two Ears. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 25(5), 975-979. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.1907229
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203. Chiang, A. K. I., Rennie, C. J., Robinson, P. A., van Albada, S. J., & Kerr, C. C. (2011). Age trends and sex differences of alpha rhythms including split alpha peaks. Clinical Neurophysiology, 122(8), 1505-1517. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2011.01.040
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204. Chklovskii, Schikorski i Stevens, Neuron 34:341-347 (2002), za Braitenbergiem i Schüzem, Cortex (1998) doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(02)00679-7 (mysz)
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205. Chou, R., Fu, R., Carrino, J. A., & Deyo, R. A. (2009). Imaging strategies for low-back pain: Systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet, 373(9662), 463-472. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60172-0
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206. Christensen-Szalanski, J. J. J., & Willham, C. F. (1991). The hindsight bias: A meta-analysis. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 48(1), 147-168. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90010-Q (metaanaliza; opisujemy według Roese i Vohs, 2012)
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207. Christoff, K., Gordon, A. M., Smallwood, J., Smith, R., & Schooler, J. W. (2009). Experience sampling during fMRI reveals default network and executive system contributions to mind wandering. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106(21), 8719-8724. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0900234106
     Uwaga
208. Chung, H.-K., Sjöström, T., Lee, H.-J., Lu, Y.-T., Tsuo, F.-Y., Chen, T.-S., Chang, C.-F., Juan, C.-H., Kuo, W.-J., & Huang, C.-Y. (2017). Why do irrelevant alternatives matter? An fMRI-TMS study of context-dependent preferences. The Journal of Neuroscience, 37(48), 11647-11661. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2307-16.2017 (fMRI, 32 osoby; cTBS, 64 osoby)
     Efekt wabika
209. Ciaramelli, E., De Luca, F., Kwan, D., Mok, J., Bianconi, F., Knyagnytska, V., Craver, C., Green, L., Myerson, J., & Rosenbaum, R. S. (2021). The role of ventromedial prefrontal cortex in reward valuation and future thinking during intertemporal choice. eLife, 10, Article e67387. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.67387 (12 pacjentów, 41 osób zdrowych)
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210. Clark, L., Lawrence, A. J., Astley-Jones, F., & Gray, N. (2009). Gambling near-misses enhance motivation to gamble and recruit win-related brain circuitry. Neuron, 61(3), 481-490. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2008.12.031 (oceny, 40 osób; fMRI, 15 osób)
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211. Clark, L., Studer, B., Bruss, J., Tranel, D., & Bechara, A. (2014). Damage to insula abolishes cognitive distortions during simulated gambling. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111(16), 6098-6103. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1322295111 (uszkodzenia mózgu; w analizie ruletki 6 osób z uszkodzeniem wyspy)
     Złudzenie gracza i gorąca rękaEfekt prawie wygranej
212. Cleary, A. M., & Claxton, A. B. (2018). Déjà Vu: An Illusion of Prediction. Psychological Science, 29(4), 635-644. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797617743018
     Déjà vu
213. Cleary, A. M., Brown, A. S., Sawyer, B. D., Nomi, J. S., Ajoku, A. C., & Ryals, A. J. (2012). Familiarity from the configuration of objects in 3-dimensional space and its relation to déjà vu: A virtual reality investigation. Consciousness and Cognition, 21(2), 969-975. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2011.12.010
     Déjà vu
214. Cleary, A. M., Huebert, A. M., McNeely-White, K. L., & Spahr, K. S. (2019). A postdictive bias associated with déjà vu. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 26(4), 1433-1439. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-019-01578-w
     Déjà vu
215. Cleary, A. M., McNeely-White, K. L., Huebert, A. M., & Claxton, A. B. (2021). Déjà vu and the feeling of prediction: an association with familiarity strength. Memory, 29(7), 904-920. https://doi.org/10.1080/09658211.2018.1503686
     Déjà vu
216. Cleary, A. M., Neisser, J., McMahan, T., Parsons, T. D., Alwaki, A., Okada, N., Vosoughi, A., Kheder, A., Drane, D. L., & Pedersen, N. P. (2021). Subjective distinguishability of seizure and non-seizure Déjà Vu: A case report, brief literature review, and research prospects. Epilepsy & Behavior, 125, Article 108373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2021.108373
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217. Cleary, A. M., Poulos, C., & Mills, C. (2023). A possible shared underlying mechanism among involuntary autobiographical memory and déjà vu. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 46, Article e361. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X23000079
     Déjà vu
218. Cleary, A. M., Ryals, A. J., & Nomi, J. S. (2009). Can déjà vu result from similarity to a prior experience? Support for the similarity hypothesis of déjà vu. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 16(6), 1082-1088. https://doi.org/10.3758/PBR.16.6.1082
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219. Cleeremans, A., Mudrik, L., & Seth, A. K. (2025). Consciousness science: Where are we, where are we going, and what if we get there? Frontiers in Science, 3, 1546279. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsci.2025.1546279
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220. ClinicalTrials.gov. (2026). A randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled pivotal study of sensory stimulation in subjects with Alzheimer's disease (HOPE Study) (NCT05637801). https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05637801 (stan na 28 października 2026: badanie trwa, bez wyników w rejestrze)
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221. Clinton-Lisell, V. (2021). Stop multitasking and just read: meta-analyses of multitasking's effects on reading performance and reading time. Journal of Research in Reading, 44(4), 787-816. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9817.12372
     Uwaga
222. Cogitate Consortium, Ferrante, O., Gorska-Klimowska, U., Henin, S., Hirschhorn, R., i in. (2023). An adversarial collaboration to critically evaluate theories of consciousness [Preprint]. bioRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.06.23.546249
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224. Cognito Therapeutics. (2025, 1 lipca). Cognito Therapeutics completes enrollment in HOPE pivotal study of Spectris™ AD therapy for the treatment of patients with Alzheimer's disease [Komunikat prasowy]. Business Wire. businesswire.com
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225. Cohen, M. A., & Dennett, D. C. (2011). Consciousness cannot be separated from function. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 15(8), 358-364. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2011.06.008
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226. Cohen, M. A., Botch, T. L., & Robertson, C. E. (2020). The limits of color awareness during active, real-world vision. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 117(24), 13821-13827. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1922294117
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227. Cohen, M. R., & Maunsell, J. H. R. (2009). Attention improves performance primarily by reducing interneuronal correlations. Nature Neuroscience, 12(12), 1594-1600. https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.2439
     Uwaga
228. Cohen, P. M., & Santos, L. R. (2017). Capuchins (Cebus apella) fail to show an asymmetric dominance effect. Animal Cognition, 20(2), 331-345. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10071-016-1055-5
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229. Cole, J. H., Ritchie, S. J., Bastin, M. E., Valdés Hernández, M. C., Muñoz Maniega, S., Royle, N., Corley, J., Pattie, A., Harris, S. E., Zhang, Q., Wray, N. R., Redmond, P., Marioni, R. E., Starr, J. M., Cox, S. R., Wardlaw, J. M., Sharp, D. J., & Deary, I. J. (2018). Brain age predicts mortality. Molecular Psychiatry, 23(5), 1385-1392. https://doi.org/10.1038/mp.2017.62
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230. Coles, N. A., Gaertner, L., Frohlich, B., Larsen, J. T., & Basnight-Brown, D. M. (2023). Fact or artifact? Demand characteristics and participants’ beliefs can moderate, but do not fully account for, the effects of facial feedback on emotional experience. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 124(2), 287-310. https://doi.org/10.1037/pspa0000316 (sześć eksperymentów, 29 krajów, 995 osób; online 2022)
     Mimiczne sprzężenie zwrotne
231. Coles, N. A., Larsen, J. T., & Lench, H. C. (2019). A meta-analysis of the facial feedback literature: Effects of facial feedback on emotional experience are small and variable. Psychological Bulletin, 145(6), 610-651. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000194 (metaanaliza, 286 wyników ze 138 badań)
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232. Coles, N. A., March, D. S., Marmolejo-Ramos, F., Larsen, J. T., Arinze, N. C., Ndukaihe, I. L. G., i in. (2022). A multi-lab test of the facial feedback hypothesis by the Many Smiles Collaboration. Nature Human Behaviour, 6(12), 1731-1742. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-022-01458-9 (3878 osób z 19 krajów, 1504 w głównej analizie)
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233. Contreras-Huerta, L. S., Baker, K. S., Reynolds, K. J., Batalha, L., & Cunnington, R. (2013). Racial bias in neural empathic responses to pain. PLOS ONE, 8(12), Article e84001. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0084001 (fMRI, 20 osób)
     Faworyzowanie grupy własnej
234. Conway, A. R. A., Cowan, N., & Bunting, M. F. (2001). The cocktail party phenomenon revisited: The importance of working memory capacity. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 8(2), 331-335. https://doi.org/10.3758/bf03196169
     Uwaga
235. Cook, A. H., Sridhar, J., Ohm, D., Rademaker, A., Mesulam, M.-M., Weintraub, S., & Rogalski, E. (2017). Rates of cortical atrophy in adults 80 years and older with superior vs average episodic memory. JAMA, 317(13), 1373-1375. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2017.0627
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236. Cook, T. M., Andrade, J., Bogod, D. G., Hitchman, J. M., Jonker, W. R., Lucas, N., Mackay, J. H., Nimmo, A. F., O'Connor, K., O'Sullivan, E. P., Paul, R. G., Palmer, J. H. M. G., Plaat, F., Radcliffe, J. J., Sury, M. R. J., Torevell, H. E., Wang, M., Hainsworth, J., & Pandit, J. J. (2014). 5th National Audit Project (NAP5) on accidental awareness during general anaesthesia: Patient experiences, human factors, sedation, consent, and medicolegal issues. British Journal of Anaesthesia, 113(4), 560-574. https://doi.org/10.1093/bja/aeu314
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238. Cools, R., & D'Esposito, M. (2011). Inverted-U-Shaped Dopamine Actions on Human Working Memory and Cognitive Control. Biological Psychiatry, 69(12), e113-e125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.03.028
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239. Corbetta, M., & Shulman, G. L. (2002). Control of goal-directed and stimulus-driven attention in the brain. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 3(3), 201-215. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn755
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240. Corbetta, M., & Shulman, G. L. (2011). Spatial Neglect and Attention Networks. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 34(1), 569-599. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-neuro-061010-113731
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241. Cosgrove, Mazure i Staley, Biol Psychiatry 62:847-855 (2007), przegląd doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2007.03.001 (liczby odczytane z przeglądu)
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242. Costello, F., & Watts, P. (2019). The rationality of illusory correlation. Psychological Review, 126(3), 437-450. https://doi.org/10.1037/rev0000130 (analiza teoretyczna i symulacje)
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244. Cox, J. J., Reimann, F., Nicholas, A. K., Thornton, G., Roberts, E., Springell, K., Karbani, G., Jafri, H., Mannan, J., Raashid, Y., Al-Gazali, L., Hamamy, H., Valente, E. M., Gorman, S., Williams, R., McHale, D. P., Wood, J. N., Gribble, F. M., & Woods, C. G. (2006). An SCN9A channelopathy causes congenital inability to experience pain. Nature, 444(7121), 894-898. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature05413
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246. Credé, M. (2019). A negative effect of a contractive pose is not evidence for the positive effect of an expansive pose: Comment on Cuddy, Schultz, and Fosse (2018). Meta-Psychology, 3, Article MP.2019.1723. https://doi.org/10.15626/MP.2019.1723 (komentarz)
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247. Crook, R. J. (2021). Behavioral and neurophysiological evidence suggests affective pain experience in octopus. iScience, 24(3), 102229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2021.102229
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248. Croson, R., & Sundali, J. (2005). The gambler’s fallacy and the hot hand: Empirical data from casinos. Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, 30(3), 195-209. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11166-005-1153-2
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249. Crump, A., Browning, H., Schnell, A., Burn, C., & Birch, J. (2022). Sentience in decapod crustaceans: A general framework and review of the evidence. Animal Sentience, 7(32), 1. https://doi.org/10.51291/2377-7478.1691
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250. Crunelli, V., Lőrincz, M. L., McCafferty, C., Lambert, R. C., Leresche, N., Di Giovanni, G., & David, F. (2020). Clinical and experimental insight into pathophysiology, comorbidity and therapy of absence seizures. Brain, 143(8), 2341-2368. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awaa072
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251. Cuddy, A. J. C., Schultz, S. J., & Fosse, N. E. (2018). P-curving a more comprehensive body of research on postural feedback reveals clear evidential value for power-posing effects: Reply to Simmons and Simonsohn (2017). Psychological Science, 29(4), 656-666. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797617746749 (55 badań)
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252. Cuddy, A. J. C., Wilmuth, C. A., Yap, A. J., & Carney, D. R. (2015). Preparatory power posing affects nonverbal presence and job interview performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 100(4), 1286-1295. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0038543
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253. Curot, J., Busigny, T., Valton, L., Denuelle, M., Vignal, J.-P., Maillard, L., Chauvel, P., Pariente, J., Trebuchon, A., Bartolomei, F., & Barbeau, E. J. (2017). Memory scrutinized through electrical brain stimulation: A review of 80 years of experiential phenomena. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 78, 161-177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.04.018
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254. Curot, J., Pariente, J., Hupé, J. M., Lotterie, J.-A., Mirabel, H., & Barbeau, E. J. (2021). Déjà vu and prescience in a case of severe episodic amnesia following bilateral hippocampal lesions. Memory, 29(7), 843-858. https://doi.org/10.1080/09658211.2019.1673426
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255. Curran, T., Schacter, D. L., Johnson, M. K., & Spinks, R. (2001). Brain potentials reflect behavioral differences in true and false recognition. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 13(2), 201-216. https://doi.org/10.1162/089892901564261 (EEG)
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256. Czeisler, C. A., Duffy, J. F., Shanahan, T. L., Brown, E. N., Mitchell, J. F., Rimmer, D. W., Ronda, J. M., Silva, E. J., Allan, J. S., Emens, J. S., Dijk, D.-J., & Kronauer, R. E. (1999). Stability, precision, and near-24-hour period of the human circadian pacemaker. Science, 284(5423), 2177-2181. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.284.5423.2177
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257. D'Mello, S. K., & Mills, C. S. (2021). Mind wandering during reading: An interdisciplinary and integrative review of psychological, computing, and intervention research and theory. Language and Linguistics Compass, 15(4), Article e12412. https://doi.org/10.1111/lnc3.12412
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258. Daan, S., Beersma, D. G. M., & Borbély, A. A. (1984). Timing of human sleep: Recovery process gated by a circadian pacemaker. American Journal of Physiology, 246(2), R161-R183. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1984.246.2.R161
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259. Dai, W., Yang, T., White, B. X., Palmer, R., Sanders, E. K., McDonald, J. A., Leung, M., & Albarracín, D. (2023). Priming behavior: A meta-analysis of the effects of behavioral and nonbehavioral primes on overt behavioral outcomes. Psychological Bulletin, 149(1-2), 67-98. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000374
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262. Dawes, R. M. (1989). Statistical criteria for establishing a truly false consensus effect. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 25(1), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1031(89)90036-X
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264. de Gelder, B., Tamietto, M., van Boxtel, G., Goebel, R., Sahraie, A., van den Stock, J., Stienen, B. M. C., Weiskrantz, L., & Pegna, A. (2008). Intact navigation skills after bilateral loss of striate cortex. Current Biology, 18(24), R1128-R1129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2008.11.002
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267. De Martino, B., Kumaran, D., Seymour, B., & Dolan, R. J. (2006). Frames, biases, and rational decision-making in the human brain. Science, 313(5787), 684-687. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1128356 (20 osób, fMRI; PubMed Central, PMC2631940)
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268. De Neys, W., Cromheeke, S., & Osman, M. (2011). Biased but in doubt: Conflict and decision confidence. PLoS ONE, 6(1), Article e15954. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0015954 (147 osób w zadaniu z koniunkcją)
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269. De Neys, W., Vartanian, O., & Goel, V. (2008). Smarter than we think: When our brains detect that we are biased. Psychological Science, 19(5), 483-489. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02113.x (fMRI, 13 osób)
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270. de Vivo, L., Bellesi, M., Marshall, W., Bushong, E. A., Ellisman, M. H., Tononi, G., & Cirelli, C. (2017). Ultrastructural evidence for synaptic scaling across the wake/sleep cycle. Science, 355(6324), 507-510. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aah5982
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271. de Zilva, D., Vu, L., Newell, B. R., & Pearson, J. (2013). Exposure is not enough: Suppressing stimuli from awareness can abolish the mere exposure effect. PLoS ONE, 8(10), e77726. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0077726 (dwa eksperymenty, 1005 i 240 studentów)
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272. DeBruine, L., & Jones, B. (2017). Face Research Lab London Set (Version 5) [Data set]. figshare. https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.5047666.v5 (zdjęcia twarzy w zadaniu, licencja CC BY 4.0)
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273. Dehaene, S., & Changeux, J.-P. (2011). Experimental and theoretical approaches to conscious processing. Neuron, 70(2), 200-227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2011.03.018
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274. Dehaene, S., & Naccache, L. (2001). Towards a cognitive neuroscience of consciousness: Basic evidence and a workspace framework. Cognition, 79(1-2), 1-37. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0010-0277(00)00123-2
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275. Dehaene, S., Changeux, J.-P., Naccache, L., Sackur, J., & Sergent, C. (2006). Conscious, preconscious, and subliminal processing: A testable taxonomy. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 10(5), 204-211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2006.03.007
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276. Dehaene, S., Lau, H., & Kouider, S. (2017). What is consciousness, and could machines have it? Science, 358(6362), 486-492. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aan8871
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277. Dekker i wsp., Front Psychol 3:429 (2012) doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00429 (242 nauczycieli zainteresowanych neuronauką z Wielkiej Brytanii i Holandii)
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278. Del Cul, A., Baillet, S., & Dehaene, S. (2007). Brain dynamics underlying the nonlinear threshold for access to consciousness. PLoS Biology, 5(10), e260. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.0050260
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279. Del Maschio, N., Crespi, F., Peressotti, F., Abutalebi, J., & Sulpizio, S. (2022). Decision-making depends on language: A meta-analysis of the foreign language effect. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 25(4), 617-630. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1366728921001012 (91 eksperymentów, 13 886 osób)
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280. Dellert, T., Müller-Bardorff, M., Schlossmacher, I., Pitts, M., Hofmann, D., Bruchmann, M., & Straube, T. (2021). Dissociating the neural correlates of consciousness and task relevance in face perception using simultaneous EEG-fMRI. The Journal of Neuroscience, 41(37), 7864-7875. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2799-20.2021 (EEG i fMRI, 52 osoby)
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281. Denny, B. T., Kober, H., Wager, T. D., & Ochsner, K. N. (2012). A meta-analysis of functional neuroimaging studies of self- and other judgments reveals a spatial gradient for mentalizing in medial prefrontal cortex. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 24(8), 1742-1752. https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00233 (metaanaliza, 107 publikacji)
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282. Desai, D., Patel, J., Saiyed, F., Upadhyay, H., Kariya, P., & Patel, J. (2024). A Literature Review on Holistic Well-Being and Dopamine Fasting: An Integrated Approach. Cureus, 16(6), e61643. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.61643
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283. Desimone, R., & Duncan, J. (1995). Neural Mechanisms of Selective Visual Attention. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 18(1), 193-222. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ne.18.030195.001205
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284. DeWall, C. N., MacDonald, G., Webster, G. D., Masten, C. L., Baumeister, R. F., Powell, C., Combs, D., Schurtz, D. R., Stillman, T. F., Tice, D. M., & Eisenberger, N. I. (2010). Acetaminophen reduces social pain: Behavioral and neural evidence. Psychological Science, 21(7), 931-937. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797610374741
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285. Di Chiara, G., & Imperato, A. (1988). Drugs abused by humans preferentially increase synaptic dopamine concentrations in the mesolimbic system of freely moving rats. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 85(14), 5274-5278. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.85.14.5274
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286. Dick AS, Garic D, Graziano P, Tremblay P. The frontal aslant tract (FAT) and its role in speech, language and executive function. Cortex 111:148-163 (2019). doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2018.10.015 (praca źródłowa łańcucha „Rozmowa”)
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288. Dixon, M. J., Gunpat, B. S., Boucher, I. A., Tsang, M., Ahmed, S., Shaikevich, G., Dhode, I., Leung, J., & Kruger, T. B. (2024). Using “Wordle” to assess the effects of goal gradients and near-misses. Scientific Reports, 14, Article 24336. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-74450-0
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289. Dixon, M. J., Larche, C. J., Stange, M., Graydon, C., & Fugelsang, J. A. (2018). Near-misses and stop buttons in slot machine play: An investigation of how they affect players, and may foster erroneous cognitions. Journal of Gambling Studies, 34(1), 161-180. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-017-9699-x (132 osoby z kasyna)
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290. Dixon, M. R., Nastally, B. L., Jackson, J. E., & Habib, R. (2009). Altering the near-miss effect in slot machine gamblers. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 42(4), 913-918. https://doi.org/10.1901/jaba.2009.42-913 (16 osób)
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291. Doebel, S., Michaelson, L. E., & Munakata, Y. (2020). Good things come to those who wait: Delaying gratification likely does matter for later achievement (A commentary on Watts, Duncan, & Quan, 2018). Psychological Science, 31(1), 97-99. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797619839045 (komentarz)
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292. Donoghue, T., Haller, M., Peterson, E. J., Varma, P., Sebastian, P., Gao, R., Noto, T., Lara, A. H., Wallis, J. D., Knight, R. T., Shestyuk, A., & Voytek, B. (2020). Parameterizing neural power spectra into periodic and aperiodic components. Nature Neuroscience, 23(12), 1655-1665. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-020-00744-x
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293. Dores, A. R., Peixoto, M., Fernandes, C., Geraldo, A., Griffiths, M. D., & Barbosa, F. (2025). Neurophysiological correlates of near-wins in gambling: A systematic literature review. Journal of Gambling Studies, 41(1), 5-35. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-024-10327-1 (przegląd 15 badań EEG)
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294. Dorkenwald i wsp., Nature 634:124-138 (2024) doi:10.1038/s41586-024-07558-y (n = 1, mózg samicy)
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295. Doyen, S., Klein, O., Pichon, C.-L., & Cleeremans, A. (2012). Behavioral priming: It's all in the mind, but whose mind? PLoS ONE, 7(1), e29081. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0029081
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296. Draganski, B., Gaser, C., Busch, V., Schuierer, G., Bogdahn, U., & May, A. (2004). Changes in grey matter induced by training. Nature, 427(6972), 311-312. https://doi.org/10.1038/427311a
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297. Drew, T., Võ, M. L.-H., & Wolfe, J. M. (2013). The invisible gorilla strikes again: Sustained inattentional blindness in expert observers. Psychological Science, 24(9), 1848-1853. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797613479386 (24 radiologów, eye-tracking)
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298. Driemeyer, J., Boyke, J., Gaser, C., Büchel, C., & May, A. (2008). Changes in gray matter induced by learning-revisited. PLoS ONE, 3(7), e2669. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0002669
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299. Drowos, D. B., Berryhill, M., André, J. M., & Olson, I. R. (2010). True memory, false memory, and subjective recollection deficits after focal parietal lobe lesions. Neuropsychology, 24(4), 465-475. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0018902 (2 pacjentki, po 12 osób w grupach porównawczych)
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300. Dubin, A. E., & Patapoutian, A. (2010). Nociceptors: The sensors of the pain pathway. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 120(11), 3760-3772. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI42843
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301. Duffy, J. F., Cain, S. W., Chang, A.-M., Phillips, A. J. K., Münch, M. Y., Gronfier, C., Wyatt, J. K., Dijk, D.-J., Wright, K. P., Jr., & Czeisler, C. A. (2011). Sex difference in the near-24-hour intrinsic period of the human circadian timing system. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 108(Suppl. 3), 15602-15608. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1010666108
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302. Dumbalska, T., Li, V., Tsetsos, K., & Summerfield, C. (2020). A map of decoy influence in human multialternative choice. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 117(40), 25169-25178. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2005058117
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303. Dumitru, I., Paterlini, M., Zamboni, M., Ziegenhain, C., Giatrellis, S., Saghaleyni, R., Björklund, Å., Alkass, K., Tata, M., Druid, H., Sandberg, R., & Frisén, J. (2025). Identification of proliferating neural progenitors in the adult human hippocampus. Science, 389(6755), 58-63. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adu9575
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304. Dux, P. E., Ivanoff, J., Asplund, C. L., & Marois, R. (2006). Isolation of a Central Bottleneck of Information Processing with Time-Resolved fMRI. Neuron, 52(6), 1109-1120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2006.11.009
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305. Düzel, E., Yonelinas, A. P., Mangun, G. R., Heinze, H.-J., & Tulving, E. (1997). Event-related brain potential correlates of two states of conscious awareness in memory. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 94(11), 5973-5978. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.11.5973 (EEG, 16 osób)
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306. Dymond, S., Lawrence, N. S., Dunkley, B. T., Yuen, K. S. L., Hinton, E. C., Dixon, M. R., Cox, W. M., Hoon, A. E., Munnelly, A., Muthukumaraswamy, S. D., & Singh, K. D. (2014). Almost winning: Induced MEG theta power in insula and orbitofrontal cortex increases during gambling near-misses and is associated with BOLD signal and gambling severity. NeuroImage, 91, 210-219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.01.019 (MEG, 34 osoby; fMRI, 18 osób)
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307. Dzierzewski, J. M., Hirshkowitz, M., Dautovich, N. D., Nielson, S. A., Miller, A. N., Erickson, A. J., & Vitiello, M. V. (2026). How much sleep do you need: A 10-year systematic review of National Sleep Foundation's sleep duration recommendations and examination of sex differences. Sleep Health, 12(4), 599-611. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleh.2026.05.011
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308. Eagly, A. H., Ashmore, R. D., Makhijani, M. G., & Longo, L. C. (1991). What is beautiful is good, but…: A meta-analytic review of research on the physical attractiveness stereotype. Psychological Bulletin, 110(1), 109-128. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.110.1.109
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309. Earp, B. D., Everett, J. A. C., Madva, E. N., & Hamlin, J. K. (2014). Out, damned spot: Can the “Macbeth effect” be replicated? Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 36(1), 91-98. https://doi.org/10.1080/01973533.2013.856792 (trzy powtórzenia, 153, 148 i 269 osób po wykluczeniach)
     Efekt Makbeta
310. Ebbinghaus, H. (1885). Über das Gedächtnis: Untersuchungen zur experimentellen Psychologie. Duncker & Humblot. (przekład ang. 1913: Memory: A contribution to experimental psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University)
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311. Edgcumbe, D. R., Rivolta, D., Nitsche, M. A., & Thoma, V. (2024). Single session and repeated anodal transcranial direct current stimulation over the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex increases reflective thinking but not working memory updating performance. Heliyon, 10(16), Article e36078. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e36078 (stymulacja prądem stałym, 48 osób)
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312. Edgcumbe, D. R., Thoma, V., Rivolta, D., Nitsche, M. A., & Fu, C. H. Y. (2019). Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation over the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex enhances reflective judgment and decision-making. Brain Stimulation, 12(3), 652-658. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brs.2018.12.003 (stymulacja prądem stałym, 54 osoby)
     Pomijanie częstości bazowej
313. Ehler, E., Ridzoň, P., Urban, P., Mazanec, R., Nakládalová, M., Procházka, B., Matulová, H., Latta, J., & Otruba, P. (2013). Ulnar nerve at the elbow - normative nerve conduction study. Journal of Brachial Plexus and Peripheral Nerve Injury, 8, 2. https://doi.org/10.1186/1749-7221-8-2
     Od mikrosekund do dekad
314. Ehrlinger, J., Johnson, K., Banner, M., Dunning, D., & Kruger, J. (2008). Why the unskilled are unaware: Further explorations of (absent) self-insight among the incompetent. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 105(1), 98-121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2007.05.002 (pięć badań, w tym debaty i zachęty finansowe)
     Efekt Dunninga-Krugera
315. Eippert, F., Bingel, U., Schoell, E. D., Yacubian, J., Klinger, R., Lorenz, J., & Büchel, C. (2009a). Activation of the opioidergic descending pain control system underlies placebo analgesia. Neuron, 63(4), 533-543. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2009.07.014
     Ból
316. Eippert, F., Finsterbusch, J., Bingel, U., & Büchel, C. (2009b). Direct evidence for spinal cord involvement in placebo analgesia. Science, 326(5951), 404. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1180142
     Ból
317. Eisenberger, N. I., Lieberman, M. D., & Williams, K. D. (2003). Does rejection hurt? An fMRI study of social exclusion. Science, 302(5643), 290-292. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1089134
     Ból
318. Ekelund, M., Fernsund, H., Karlsson, S., & Mac Giolla, E. (2022). Does expertise reduce rates of inattentional blindness? A meta-analysis. Perception, 51(2), 131-147. https://doi.org/10.1177/03010066211072466 (metaanaliza, 14 prób)
     Ślepota pozauwagowa
319. Elashi, F. B., & Mills, C. M. (2015). Developing the bias blind spot: Increasing skepticism towards others. PLOS ONE, 10(11), Article e0141809. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0141809 (dzieci w wieku 7-10 lat)
     Efekt ślepej plamki
320. Elkjær, E., Mikkelsen, M. B., Michalak, J., Mennin, D. S., & O'Toole, M. S. (2022). Expansive and contractive postures and movement: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect of motor displays on affective and behavioral responses. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 17(1), 276-304. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691620919358 (przegląd 73 badań, metaanaliza 48, online 2020)
     Pozy siły (power posing)
321. Elliott, R., & Dolan, R. J. (1998). Neural response during preference and memory judgments for subliminally presented stimuli: A functional neuroimaging study. Journal of Neuroscience, 18(12), 4697-4704. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.18-12-04697.1998 (PET, 9 osób)
     Efekt czystej ekspozycji
322. Elston, Benavides-Piccione i DeFelipe, J Neurosci 21:RC163 (2001) doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.21-17-j0002.2001 (n = 1)
     Mózg w liczbach
323. Elwood, R. W., & Appel, M. (2009). Pain experience in hermit crabs? Animal Behaviour, 77(5), 1243-1246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2009.01.028
     Świadomość
324. Engel, A. K., & Fries, P. (2010). Beta-band oscillations-signalling the status quo? Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 20(2), 156-165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conb.2010.02.015
     Fale mózgowe
325. Engelmann, D., & Hollard, G. (2010). Reconsidering the effect of market experience on the "endowment effect". Econometrica, 78(6), 2005-2019. https://doi.org/10.3982/ECTA8424
     Efekt posiadania
326. Engelmann, D., & Strobel, M. (2000). The false consensus effect disappears if representative information and monetary incentives are given. Experimental Economics, 3(3), 241-260. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1011472501737 (sesje po 16 osób)
     Efekt fałszywej zgodności
327. Engl i Attwell, J Physiol 593:3417-3429 (2015), przegląd doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2014.282517
     Mózg w liczbach
328. Englich, B., Mussweiler, T., & Strack, F. (2006). Playing dice with criminal sentences: The influence of irrelevant anchors on experts’ judicial decision making. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 32(2), 188-200. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167205282152
     Efekt zakotwiczenia
329. Epilepsy Society. (2026, 21 maja). Focal aware seizures (auras). https://epilepsysociety.org.uk/about-epilepsy/epileptic-seizures/focal-aware-seizures
     Déjà vu
330. Epley, N., & Gilovich, T. (2005). When effortful thinking influences judgmental anchoring: Differential effects of forewarning and incentives on self-generated and externally provided anchors. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 18(3), 199-212. https://doi.org/10.1002/bdm.495
     Efekt zakotwiczenia
331. Erickson i wsp., PNAS 108:3017-3022 (2011) doi:10.1073/pnas.1015950108 (120 osób starszych, badanie z losowym przydziałem)
     Mózg w liczbach
332. Ernst, A., Delrue, G., & Willems, S. (2021). Overcoming familiarity illusions in a single case with persistent déjà vu. Memory, 29(7), 869-883. https://doi.org/10.1080/09658211.2018.1510965
     Déjà vu
333. Ert, E., & Erev, I. (2013). On the descriptive value of loss aversion in decisions under risk: Six clarifications. Judgment and Decision Making, 8(3), 214-235. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1930297500005945 (badanie 1a, 150 osób, realne wypłaty; 32% i 53% w ramie status quo, 49% i 52% w ramie zwykłego wyboru)
     Awersja do strat
334. Esposito, E., Shekhtman, G., & Chen, P. (2021). Prevalence of spatial neglect post-stroke: A systematic review. Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, 64(5), Article 101459. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rehab.2020.10.010
     Uwaga
335. Etheredge, H. R. (2021). Assessing global organ donation policies: Opt-in vs opt-out. Risk Management and Healthcare Policy, 14, 1985-1998. https://doi.org/10.2147/RMHP.S270234 (przegląd)
     Efekt opcji domyślnej
336. Europe PMC Consortium. Europe PMC: a full-text literature database for the life sciences. Nucleic Acids Res 43:D1042 (2015), doi:10.1093/nar/gku1061. Queried through the public REST API.
     Struktury głębokieLista lektur
337. Eurostat. (2024). Persons reporting a chronic disease, by disease, sex, age and educational attainment level (hlth_ehis_cd1e) [Zbiór danych, EHIS 2019]. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/hlth_ehis_cd1e/default/table (bóle dolnej części pleców i szyi)
     Nierealistyczny optymizm
338. Eurostat. (2024). Self-reported hospital in-patient and day-patient admissions by sex, age and educational attainment level (hlth_ehis_ho1e) [Zbiór danych, EHIS 2019]. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/hlth_ehis_ho1e/default/table (pobyt w szpitalu)
     Nierealistyczny optymizm
339. Eurostat. (2024). Severity of bodily pain by sex, age and educational attainment level (hlth_ehis_pn1e) [Zbiór danych, EHIS 2019]. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/hlth_ehis_pn1e/default/table (ból umiarkowany, silny albo bardzo silny)
     Nierealistyczny optymizm
340. Eurostat. (2025). Persons reading books in the last 12 months [ilc_scp27], Persons participating in cultural or sport activities in the last 12 months [ilc_scp03]; dane EU-SILC za 2022 rok. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/ilc_scp03/default/table (odsetki dla Polski, osoby w wieku 16 lat i więcej)
     Efekt fałszywej zgodności
341. Eurostat. (2026). Inability to afford paying for one week annual holiday away from home by level of disability (activity limitation), sex and age (hlth_dm020) [Zbiór danych, EU-SILC 2025]. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/hlth_dm020/default/table
     Nierealistyczny optymizm
342. Eurostat. (2026). Inability to face unexpected financial expenses by level of disability (activity limitation), sex and age (hlth_dm040) [Zbiór danych, EU-SILC 2025]. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/hlth_dm040/default/table
     Nierealistyczny optymizm
343. Eurostat. (2026). Individuals: use of generative AI tools [isoc_ai_iaiu], Internet purchases by individuals [isoc_ec_ib20], Individuals: internet activities [isoc_ci_ac_i]; dane za 2025 rok. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/isoc_ci_ac_i/default/table (odsetki dla Polski, osoby w wieku 16-74 lat)
     Efekt fałszywej zgodności
344. Eurostat. (2026). Persons participating in cultural or sport activities by sex, age, level of disability (activity limitation), activity type and frequency (ilc_scp37) [Zbiór danych, EU-SILC 2022]. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/ilc_scp37/default/table (kino, występy, miejsca kultury, wydarzenia sportowe)
     Nierealistyczny optymizm
345. Eurostat. (2026). Persons reading books in the last 12 months by sex, age, level of disability (activity limitation) and number of books (ilc_scp33) [Zbiór danych, EU-SILC 2022]. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/ilc_scp33/default/table
     Nierealistyczny optymizm
346. Eyal i wsp., Front Cell Neurosci 12:181 (2018) doi:10.3389/fncel.2018.00181 (n = 2, szacunek z gęstości kolców dendrytycznych)
     Mózg w liczbach
347. Faasse, K., Martin, L. R., Grey, A., Gamble, G., & Petrie, K. J. (2016). Impact of brand or generic labeling on medication effectiveness and side effects. Health Psychology, 35(2), 187-190. https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0000282
     Ból
348. Faizy, T. D., Kumar, D., Broocks, G., Thaler, C., Flottmann, F., Leischner, H., Kutzner, D., Hewera, S., Dotzauer, D., Stellmann, J.-P., Reddy, R., Fiehler, J., Sedlacik, J., & Gellißen, S. (2018). Age-related measurements of the myelin water fraction derived from 3D multi-echo GRASE reflect myelin content of the cerebral white matter. Scientific Reports, 8(1), 14991. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-33112-8
     Od mikrosekund do dekad
349. Falk, A., Kosse, F., & Pinger, P. (2020). Re-revisiting the marshmallow test: A direct comparison of studies by Shoda, Mischel, and Peake (1990) and Watts, Duncan, and Quan (2018). Psychological Science, 31(1), 100-104. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797619861720 (komentarz z symulacjami)
     Test pianki Marshmallow
350. Fan, J., McCandliss, B. D., Fossella, J., Flombaum, J. I., & Posner, M. I. (2005). The activation of attentional networks. NeuroImage, 26(2), 471-479. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.02.004
     Uwaga
351. Fan, J., McCandliss, B. D., Sommer, T., Raz, A., & Posner, M. I. (2002). Testing the Efficiency and Independence of Attentional Networks. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 14(3), 340-347. https://doi.org/10.1162/089892902317361886
     Uwaga
352. Farmer, G. D., Warren, P. A., & Hahn, U. (2017). Who “believes” in the gambler’s fallacy and why? Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 146(1), 63-76. https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0000245 (118 osób)
     Złudzenie gracza i gorąca rękaMózg w liczbach
353. Fazio, L. K. (2020). Repetition increases perceived truth even for known falsehoods. Collabra: Psychology, 6(1), Article 38. https://doi.org/10.1525/collabra.347 (256 osób, w analizie wiedzy 226)
     Efekt iluzorycznej prawdy
354. Fazio, L. K., & Sherry, C. L. (2020). The effect of repetition on truth judgments across development. Psychological Science, 31(9), 1150-1160. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797620939534 (80 osób)
     Efekt iluzorycznej prawdy
355. Fazio, L. K., Brashier, N. M., Payne, B. K., & Marsh, E. J. (2015). Knowledge does not protect against illusory truth. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 144(5), 993-1002. https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0000098 (2 eksperymenty po 40 osób)
     Efekt iluzorycznej prawdy
356. Fazio, L. K., Rand, D. G., & Pennycook, G. (2019). Repetition increases perceived truth equally for plausible and implausible statements. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 26(5), 1705-1710. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-019-01651-4 (503 osoby)
     Efekt iluzorycznej prawdy
357. Fearnley, J. M., & Lees, A. J. (1991). Ageing and Parkinson's disease: Substantia nigra regional selectivity. Brain, 114(5), 2283-2301. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/114.5.2283
     Dopamina
358. Fehr, D., Hakimov, R., & Kübler, D. (2015). The willingness to pay-willingness to accept gap: A failed replication of Plott and Zeiler. European Economic Review, 78, 120-128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2015.05.006
     Efekt posiadania
359. Felker, A. A., & Tanner, J. (2026). Diagnosing Temporal Lobe Epilepsy in the Emergency Department: A Case Report. Clinical Practice and Cases in Emergency Medicine, 10(1), 20-23. https://doi.org/10.5811/cpcem.43526
     Déjà vu
360. Feng, T., Zhao, W., & Donnay, G. F. (2013). The endowment effect can extend from self to mother: Evidence from an fMRI study. Behavioural Brain Research, 248, 74-79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2013.04.005
     Efekt posiadania
361. Fernandez, L. M. J., & Lüthi, A. (2020). Sleep spindles: Mechanisms and functions. Physiological Reviews, 100(2), 805-868. https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00042.2018
     Sen
362. Ferrari, C., Nadal, M., Schiavi, S., Vecchi, T., Cela-Conde, C. J., & Cattaneo, Z. (2017). The dorsomedial prefrontal cortex mediates the interaction between moral and aesthetic valuation: A TMS study on the beauty-is-good stereotype. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 12(5), 707-717. https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsx002 (stymulacja magnetyczna, dwa eksperymenty po 20 osób)
     Efekt aureoli
363. Ferrari-Toniolo, S., Seak, L. C. U., & Schultz, W. (2022). Risky choice: Probability weighting explains independence axiom violations in monkeys. Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, 65(3), 319-351. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11166-022-09388-7 (3 makaki)
     Efekt pewności
364. Ferreira, M. L., de Luca, K., Haile, L. M., Steinmetz, J. D., Culbreth, G. T., Cross, M., Kopec, J. A., Ferreira, P. H., Blyth, F. M., Buchbinder, R., i in. [GBD 2021 Low Back Pain Collaborators]. (2023). Global, regional, and national burden of low back pain, 1990-2020, its attributable risk factors, and projections to 2050: A systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. The Lancet Rheumatology, 5(6), e316-e329. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2665-9913(23)00098-X
     Ból
365. Ferreri, L., Mas-Herrero, E., Zatorre, R. J., Ripollés, P., Gomez-Andres, A., Alicart, H., Olivé, G., Marco-Pallarés, J., Antonijoan, R. M., Valle, M., Riba, J., & Rodriguez-Fornells, A. (2019). Dopamine modulates the reward experiences elicited by music. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 116(9), 3793-3798. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1811878116
     Dopamina
366. Fiedler, K. (1991). The tricky nature of skewed frequency tables: An information loss account of distinctiveness-based illusory correlations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60(1), 24-36. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.60.1.24 (wyjaśnienie przez utratę informacji)
     Iluzoryczna korelacja
367. Figner, B., Knoch, D., Johnson, E. J., Krosch, A. R., Lisanby, S. H., Fehr, E., & Weber, E. U. (2010). Lateral prefrontal cortex and self-control in intertemporal choice. Nature Neuroscience, 13(5), 538-539. https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.2516 (rTMS niskiej częstotliwości)
     Dyskontowanie odroczonych nagród
368. Fink, A., & Benedek, M. (2014). EEG alpha power and creative ideation. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 44, 111-123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2012.12.002
     Fale mózgowe
369. Fiorillo, C. D., Tobler, P. N., & Schultz, W. (2003). Discrete Coding of Reward Probability and Uncertainty by Dopamine Neurons. Science, 299(5614), 1898-1902. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1077349
     Dopamina
370. Fischer, R., Bortolini, G., Bortolini, T., Maraldi, E. O., Hartle, L., de Lima Varejão, M. V., Laport, M. C., Oliveira, M. E., Ihm, E., Taves, A., & Moll, J. (2026). Prevalence estimates of nonordinary experiences depend on validity and measurement choices. Communications Psychology, 4(1), Article 106. https://doi.org/10.1038/s44271-026-00464-1
     Déjà vu
371. Fischhoff, B. (1975). Hindsight ≠ foresight: The effect of outcome knowledge on judgment under uncertainty. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 1(3), 288-299. https://doi.org/10.1037/0096-1523.1.3.288 (opisujemy według Blank i in., 2007)
     Efekt wiedzy po fakcie
372. Fischhoff, B. (2025). Fifty years of hindsight bias research: Reflection on Fischhoff (1975). Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 51(2), 143-150. https://doi.org/10.1037/xhp0001232
     Efekt wiedzy po fakcie
373. Fischl i Dale, PNAS 97:11050-11055 (2000) doi:10.1073/pnas.200033797 (n = 30, rezonans magnetyczny)
     Mózg w liczbach
374. Fisher, J. P., Hassan, D. T., & O'Connor, N. (1995). Minerva. BMJ, 310(6971), 70. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.310.6971.70
     Ból
375. Fitzcharles, M.-A., Cohen, S. P., Clauw, D. J., Littlejohn, G., Usui, C., & Häuser, W. (2021). Nociplastic pain: Towards an understanding of prevalent pain conditions. The Lancet, 397(10289), 2098-2110. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00392-5
     Ból
376. Fjell, A. M., & Walhovd, K. B. (2010). Structural brain changes in aging: Courses, causes and cognitive consequences. Reviews in the Neurosciences, 21(3), 187-221. https://doi.org/10.1515/REVNEURO.2010.21.3.187
     Od mikrosekund do dekad
377. Fleming, S. M., & Dolan, R. J. (2012). The neural basis of metacognitive ability. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 367(1594), 1338-1349. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2011.0417 (przegląd)
     Efekt Dunninga-Krugera
378. Fleming, S. M., Ryu, J., Golfinos, J. G., & Blackmon, K. E. (2014). Domain-specific impairment in metacognitive accuracy following anterior prefrontal lesions. Brain, 137(10), 2811-2822. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awu221 (7 pacjentów z uszkodzeniem, 30 osób w grupach porównawczych w analizie)
     Nadmierna precyzjaEfekt Dunninga-Krugera
379. Fleming, S. M., Thomas, C. L., & Dolan, R. J. (2010). Overcoming status quo bias in the human brain. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 107(13), 6005-6009. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0910380107 (fMRI, 16 osób; zachowanie, 18 osób)
     Efekt opcji domyślnej
380. Fleming, S. M., Weil, R. S., Nagy, Z., Dolan, R. J., & Rees, G. (2010). Relating introspective accuracy to individual differences in brain structure. Science, 329(5998), 1541-1543. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1191883 (MRI strukturalne, 32 osoby)
     Nadmierna precyzjaEfekt Dunninga-Krugera
381. Flore, P. C., & Wicherts, J. M. (2015). Does stereotype threat influence performance of girls in stereotyped domains? A meta-analysis. Journal of School Psychology, 53(1), 25-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsp.2014.10.002 (47 wyników, 3760 uczennic)
     Zagrożenie stereotypem
382. Flore, P. C., Mulder, J., & Wicherts, J. M. (2018). The influence of gender stereotype threat on mathematics test scores of Dutch high school students: A registered report. Comprehensive Results in Social Psychology, 3(2), 140-174. https://doi.org/10.1080/23743603.2018.1559647 (2064 uczniów z 21 szkół, plan zarejestrowany z góry)
     Zagrożenie stereotypem
383. Flyvbjerg, B., Holm, M. S., & Buhl, S. (2002). Underestimating costs in public works projects: Error or lie? Journal of the American Planning Association, 68(3), 279-295. https://doi.org/10.1080/01944360208976273 (258 projektów transportowych)
     Złudzenie planowania
384. Fonov, V., Evans, A. C., Botteron, K., Almli, C. R., McKinstry, R. C., Collins, D. L., & Brain Development Cooperative Group. (2011). Unbiased average age-appropriate atlases for pediatric studies. NeuroImage, 54(1), 313-327. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.07.033
     SenIstota białaStruktury głębokie
385. Forer, B. R. (1949). The fallacy of personal validation: A classroom demonstration of gullibility. The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 44(1), 118-123. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0059240 (oryginał, 39 studentów)
     Efekt Barnuma
386. Foxe i Simpson, Exp Brain Res 142:139-150 (2002) doi:10.1007/s00221-001-0906-7 (EEG o wysokiej gęstości elektrod)
     Mózg w liczbach
387. Francken, J. C., Beerendonk, L., Molenaar, D., Fahrenfort, J. J., Kiverstein, J. D., Seth, A. K., & van Gaal, S. (2022). An academic survey on theoretical foundations, common assumptions and the current state of consciousness science. Neuroscience of Consciousness, 2022(1), niac011. https://doi.org/10.1093/nc/niac011
     Świadomość
388. Franiatte, N., Boissin, E., Delmas, A., & De Neys, W. (2024). Adieu bias: Debiasing intuitions among French speakers. Psychologica Belgica, 64(1), 42-57. https://doi.org/10.5334/pb.1260 (147 osób)
     Błąd koniunkcji
389. Franiatte, N., Boissin, E., Delmas, A., & De Neys, W. (2024). Boosting debiasing: Impact of repeated training on reasoning. Learning and Instruction, 89, Article 101845. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2023.101845 (120 osób)
     Pomijanie częstości bazowej
390. Franjic, D., Skarica, M., Ma, S., Arellano, J. I., Tebbenkamp, A. T. N., Choi, J., Xu, C., Li, Q., Morozov, Y. M., Andrijevic, D., Vrselja, Z., Spajic, A., Santpere, G., Li, M., Zhang, S., Liu, Y., Spurrier, J., Zhang, L., Gudelj, I., … Sestan, N. (2022). Transcriptomic taxonomy and neurogenic trajectories of adult human, macaque, and pig hippocampal and entorhinal cells. Neuron, 110(3), 452-469.e14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2021.10.036
     Od mikrosekund do dekad
391. Frässle, S., Sommer, J., Jansen, A., Naber, M., & Einhäuser, W. (2014). Binocular rivalry: Frontal activity relates to introspection and action but not to perception. Journal of Neuroscience, 34(5), 1738-1747. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4403-13.2014
     Świadomość
392. Frederick, S., Lee, L., & Baskin, E. (2014). The limits of attraction. Journal of Marketing Research, 51(4), 487-507. https://doi.org/10.1509/jmr.12.0061 (38 badań, w tym dwie próby powtórzenia przykładu z prenumeratą)
     Efekt wabika
393. Freschl, J., Al Azizi, L., Balboa, L., Kaldy, Z., & Blaser, E. (2022). The development of peak alpha frequency from infancy to adolescence and its role in visual temporal processing: A meta-analysis. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 57, 101146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101146
     Fale mózgowe
394. Fried, I., Mukamel, R., & Kreiman, G. (2011). Internally generated preactivation of single neurons in human medial frontal cortex predicts volition. Neuron, 69(3), 548-562. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2010.11.045
     Świadomość
395. Friedman, D., Pommerenke, K., Lukose, R., Milam, G., & Huberman, B. A. (2007). Searching for the sunk cost fallacy. Experimental Economics, 10(1), 79-104. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10683-006-9134-0
     Efekt utopionych kosztów
396. Fries, P. (2015). Rhythms for cognition: Communication through coherence. Neuron, 88(1), 220-235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2015.09.034
     Fale mózgowe
397. Fries, P., Reynolds, J. H., Rorie, A. E., & Desimone, R. (2001). Modulation of Oscillatory Neuronal Synchronization by Selective Visual Attention. Science, 291(5508), 1560-1563. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1055465
     Uwaga
398. Fry, A., Mullinger, K. J., O'Neill, G. C., Barratt, E. L., Morris, P. G., Bauer, M., Folland, J. P., & Brookes, M. J. (2016). Modulation of post-movement beta rebound by contraction force and rate of force development. Human Brain Mapping, 37(7), 2493-2511. https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.23189
     Fale mózgowe
399. Fu, W., Huang, Z., Li, J., Dong, Q., Li, Y., Li, G., Xu, Y., Xue, B., Li, Z., Chen, C., Sun, S., Zhang, Y., Hou, Z., & Xie, J. (2022). Reduced sensitivity to delayed time and delayed reward of the post-operative insular glioma patients in delay discounting. NeuroImage: Clinical, 33, Article 102895. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102895 (16 pacjentów, 30 osób zdrowych; fMRI 51 osób)
     Dyskontowanie odroczonych nagród
400. Fudenberg, D., Levine, D. K., & Maniadis, Z. (2012). On the robustness of anchoring effects in WTP and WTA experiments. American Economic Journal: Microeconomics, 4(2), 131-145. https://doi.org/10.1257/mic.4.2.131
     Efekt zakotwiczenia
401. Fujino, J., Fujimoto, S., Kodaka, F., Camerer, C. F., Kawada, R., Tsurumi, K., Tei, S., Isobe, M., Miyata, J., Sugihara, G., Yamada, M., Fukuyama, H., Murai, T., & Takahashi, H. (2016). Neural mechanisms and personality correlates of the sunk cost effect. Scientific Reports, 6, Article 33171. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep33171 (32 osoby, fMRI, wybory wyobrażone)
     Efekt utopionych kosztów
402. Fultz, N. E., Bonmassar, G., Setsompop, K., Stickgold, R. A., Rosen, B. R., Polimeni, J. R., & Lewis, L. D. (2019). Coupled electrophysiological, hemodynamic, and cerebrospinal fluid oscillations in human sleep. Science, 366(6465), 628-631. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aax5440
     Sen
403. Furnham, A., & Schofield, S. (1987). Accepting personality test feedback: A review of the Barnum effect. Current Psychology, 6(2), 162-178. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02686623 (przegląd prawie 50 badań)
     Efekt Barnuma
404. Gabellini, E., Lucchini, F., & Gattoni, M. E. (2023). Prevalence of problem gambling: A meta-analysis of recent empirical research (2016-2022). Journal of Gambling Studies, 39(3), 1027-1057. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-022-10180-0
     Dopamina
405. Gächter, S., Johnson, E. J., & Herrmann, A. (2022). Individual-level loss aversion in riskless and risky choices. Theory and Decision, 92, 599-624. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11238-021-09839-8 (zadanie z loteriami 360 osób, w tym 326 ze spójnymi wyborami; stosunek ceny sprzedaży do ceny kupna miniaturowego modelu samochodu, 310 osób)
     Awersja do strat
406. Gailliot, M. T., Baumeister, R. F., DeWall, C. N., Maner, J. K., Plant, E. A., Tice, D. M., Brewer, L. E., & Schmeichel, B. J. (2007). Self-control relies on glucose as a limited energy source: Willpower is more than a metaphor. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92(2), 325-336. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.92.2.325 (dziewięć badań)
     Wyczerpanie ego
407. Gal, D., & Rucker, D. D. (2018). The loss of loss aversion: Will it loom larger than its gain? Journal of Consumer Psychology, 28(3), 497-516. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcpy.1047
     Awersja do strat
408. Gale, M., & Ball, L. J. (2012). Contrast class cues and performance facilitation in a hypothesis-testing task: Evidence for an iterative counterfactual model. Memory & Cognition, 40(3), 408-419. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-011-0159-z (opisujemy według Branchini i in., 2025)
     Błąd konfirmacji
409. Galéra, C., Orriols, L., M'Bailara, K., Laborey, M., Contrand, B., Ribéreau-Gayon, R., Masson, F., Bakiri, S., Gabaude, C., Fort, A., Maury, B., Lemercier, C., Cours, M., Bouvard, M. -P., & Lagarde, E. (2012). Mind wandering and driving: responsibility case-control study. BMJ, 345, Article e8105. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.e8105
     Uwaga
410. Galinsky, A. D., & Mussweiler, T. (2001). First offers as anchors: The role of perspective-taking and negotiator focus. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81(4), 657-669. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.81.4.657
     Efekt zakotwiczenia
411. Gallate, J., Chi, R., Ellwood, S., & Snyder, A. (2009). Reducing false memories by magnetic pulse stimulation. Neuroscience Letters, 449(3), 151-154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2008.11.021 (stymulacja)
     Fałszywe wspomnienia
412. Gallo, D. A. (2010). False memories and fantastic beliefs: 15 years of the DRM illusion. Memory & Cognition, 38(7), 833-848. https://doi.org/10.3758/MC.38.7.833 (przegląd)
     Fałszywe wspomnienia
413. Gallup, G. G., & Anderson, J. R. (2020). Self-recognition in animals: Where do we stand 50 years later? Lessons from cleaner wrasse and other species. Psychology of Consciousness: Theory, Research, and Practice, 7(1), 46-58. https://doi.org/10.1037/cns0000206
     Świadomość
414. Gallup, G. G., Jr. (1970). Chimpanzees: Self-recognition. Science, 167(3914), 86-87. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.167.3914.86
     Świadomość
415. Galpayage Dona, H. S., Solvi, C., Kowalewska, A., Mäkelä, K., MaBouDi, H., & Chittka, L. (2022). Do bumble bees play? Animal Behaviour, 194, 239-251. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2022.08.013
     Świadomość
416. Gámez, E., Díaz, J. M., & Marrero, H. (2011). The uncertain universality of the Macbeth effect with a Spanish sample. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 14(1), 156-162. https://doi.org/10.5209/rev_SJOP.2011.v14.n1.13 (cztery powtórzenia)
     Efekt Makbeta
417. Gamond, L., & Cattaneo, Z. (2016). The dorsomedial prefrontal cortex plays a causal role in mediating in-group advantage in emotion recognition: A TMS study. Neuropsychologia, 93, 312-317. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.11.011 (stymulacja magnetyczna, rozpoznawanie emocji)
     Faworyzowanie grupy własnej
418. Gao, R., van den Brink, R. L., Pfeffer, T., & Voytek, B. (2020). Neuronal timescales are functionally dynamic and shaped by cortical microarchitecture. eLife, 9, e61277. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.61277
     Od mikrosekund do dekad
419. Gao, S., Zika, O., Rogers, R. D., & Thierry, G. (2015). Second language feedback abolishes the “hot hand” effect during even-probability gambling. The Journal of Neuroscience, 35(15), 5983-5989. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3622-14.2015 (EEG, 16 osób)
     Złudzenie gracza i gorąca ręka
420. Garcia-Argibay, M., Santed, M. A., & Reales, J. M. (2019). Efficacy of binaural auditory beats in cognition, anxiety, and pain perception: A meta-analysis. Psychological Research, 83(2), 357-372. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-018-1066-8
     Fale mózgowe
421. Garland, H. (1990). Throwing good money after bad: The effect of sunk costs on the decision to escalate commitment to an ongoing project. Journal of Applied Psychology, 75(6), 728-731. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.75.6.728 (oryginał polskiej replikacji)
     Efekt utopionych kosztów
422. Garrett, N., & Sharot, T. (2014). How robust is the optimistic update bias for estimating self-risk and population base rates? PLoS ONE, 9(6), Article e98848. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0098848 (32 osoby)
     Nierealistyczny optymizm
423. Garrett, N., & Sharot, T. (2017). Optimistic update bias holds firm: Three tests of robustness following Shah et al. Consciousness and Cognition, 50, 12-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2016.10.013 (142 osoby)
     Nierealistyczny optymizm
424. Garrett, N., & Sharot, T. (2023). There is no belief update bias for neutral events: Failure to replicate Burton et al. (2022). Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 35(8), 876-886. https://doi.org/10.1080/20445911.2023.2245112 (100 osób)
     Nierealistyczny optymizm
425. Garrett, N., González-Garzón, A. M., Foulkes, L., Levita, L., & Sharot, T. (2018). Updating beliefs under perceived threat. The Journal of Neuroscience, 38(36), 7901-7911. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0716-18.2018 (35 osób w eksperymencie, 28 strażaków)
     Nierealistyczny optymizm
426. Giacino, J. T., Ashwal, S., Childs, N., Cranford, R., Jennett, B., Katz, D. I., Kelly, J. P., Rosenberg, J. H., Whyte, J., Zafonte, R. D., & Zasler, N. D. (2002). The minimally conscious state: Definition and diagnostic criteria. Neurology, 58(3), 349-353. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.58.3.349
     Świadomość
427. Giacino, J. T., Katz, D. I., Schiff, N. D., Whyte, J., Ashman, E. J., Ashwal, S., Barbano, R., Hammond, F. M., Laureys, S., Ling, G. S. F., Nakase-Richardson, R., Seel, R. T., Yablon, S., Getchius, T. S. D., Gronseth, G. S., & Armstrong, M. J. (2018). Practice guideline update recommendations summary: Disorders of consciousness. Neurology, 91(10), 450-460. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000005926
     Świadomość
428. Gianotti, L. R. R., Figner, B., Ebstein, R. P., & Knoch, D. (2012). Why some people discount more than others: Baseline activation in the dorsal PFC mediates the link between COMT genotype and impatient choice. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 6, Article 54. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2012.00054 (EEG spoczynkowe, 73 osoby)
     Dyskontowanie odroczonych nagród
429. Gibaldi, A., & Sabatini, S. P. (2021). The saccade main sequence revised: A fast and repeatable tool for oculomotor analysis. Behavior Research Methods, 53(1), 167-187. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-020-01388-2
     Od mikrosekund do dekad
430. Gibson, W., Wand, B. M., Meads, C., Catley, M. J., & O'Connell, N. E. (2019). Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for chronic pain - an overview of Cochrane Reviews. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2019(4), CD011890. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD011890.pub3
     Ból
431. Giedd, J. N., Blumenthal, J., Jeffries, N. O., Castellanos, F. X., Liu, H., Zijdenbos, A., Paus, T., Evans, A. C., & Rapoport, J. L. (1999). Brain development during childhood and adolescence: A longitudinal MRI study. Nature Neuroscience, 2(10), 861-863. https://doi.org/10.1038/13158
     Od mikrosekund do dekad
432. Gigerenzer, G., & Hoffrage, U. (1995). How to improve Bayesian reasoning without instruction: Frequency formats. Psychological Review, 102(4), 684-704. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.102.4.684 (60 i 15 studentów)
     Pomijanie częstości bazowej
433. Gignac, G. E., & Zajenkowski, M. (2020). The Dunning-Kruger effect is (mostly) a statistical artefact: Valid approaches to testing the hypothesis with individual differences data. Intelligence, 80, Article 101449. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intell.2020.101449 (929 osób, Uniwersytet Warszawski)
     Efekt Dunninga-Krugera
434. Gilbert, D. T., & Malone, P. S. (1995). The correspondence bias. Psychological Bulletin, 117(1), 21-38. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.117.1.21 (przegląd)
     Podstawowy błąd atrybucji
435. Gilbert, D. T., Pelham, B. W., & Krull, D. S. (1988). On cognitive busyness: When person perceivers meet persons perceived. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(5), 733-740. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.54.5.733 (2 eksperymenty)
     Podstawowy błąd atrybucji
436. Gillinder, L., Liegeois-Chauvel, C., & Chauvel, P. (2022). What déjà vu and the “dreamy state” tell us about episodic memory networks. Clinical Neurophysiology, 136, 173-181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2022.01.126
     Déjà vu
437. Gilovich, T., Vallone, R., & Tversky, A. (1985). The hot hand in basketball: On the misperception of random sequences. Cognitive Psychology, 17(3), 295-314. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-0285(85)90010-6
     Złudzenie gracza i gorąca ręka
438. Glasser, M. F., Coalson, T. S., Robinson, E. C., Hacker, C. D., Harwell, J., Yacoub, E., Ugurbil, K., Andersson, J., Beckmann, C. F., Jenkinson, M., Smith, S. M., & Van Essen, D. C. (2016). A multi-modal parcellation of human cerebral cortex. Nature, 536(7615), 171-178. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature18933
     BólSenDopaminaUwagaFale mózgoweDéjà vuŚwiadomośćStrona działuEfekt framinguEfekt zakotwiczeniaEfekt wabikaEfekt opcji domyślnejEfekt pewnościAwersja do stratEfekt utopionych kosztówEfekt posiadaniaDyskontowanie odroczonych nagródZłudzenie gracza i gorąca rękaEfekt prawie wygranejBłąd koniunkcjiPomijanie częstości bazowejHeurystyka dostępnościEfekt iluzorycznej prawdyBłąd konfirmacjiEfekt wiedzy po fakcieNadmierna precyzjaŚlepota pozauwagowaNiewidzenie zmianFałszywe wspomnieniaŚlepota wyboruEfekt czystej ekspozycjiNierealistyczny optymizmEfekt Dunninga-KrugeraEfekt ślepej plamkiZłudzenie planowaniaEfekt BarnumaEfekt aureoliPodstawowy błąd atrybucjiEfekt fałszywej zgodnościFaworyzowanie grupy własnejIluzoryczna korelacjaOd mikrosekund do dekadMapa czuciowo-ruchowaLista lekturi 38 innych stron
439. Glick, P., Gottesman, D., & Jolton, J. (1989). The fault is not in the stars: Susceptibility of skeptics and believers in astrology to the Barnum effect. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 15(4), 572-583. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167289154010
     Efekt Barnuma
440. Gluth, S., Hotaling, J. M., & Rieskamp, J. (2017). The attraction effect modulates reward prediction errors and intertemporal choices. The Journal of Neuroscience, 37(2), 371-382. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2532-16.2016 (21 osób w badaniu wyborów, 29 w fMRI)
     Efekt wabika
441. Gogtay, N., Giedd, J. N., Lusk, L., Hayashi, K. M., Greenstein, D., Vaituzis, A. C., Nugent, T. F., Herman, D. H., Clasen, L. S., Toga, A. W., Rapoport, J. L., & Thompson, P. M. (2004). Dynamic mapping of human cortical development during childhood through early adulthood. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 101(21), 8174-8179. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0402680101
     Od mikrosekund do dekad
442. Goldberger, A. L., Amaral, L. A. N., Glass, L., Hausdorff, J. M., Ivanov, P. Ch., Mark, R. G., Mietus, J. E., Moody, G. B., Peng, C.-K., & Stanley, H. E. (2000). PhysioBank, PhysioToolkit, and PhysioNet: Components of a new research resource for complex physiologic signals. Circulation, 101(23), e215-e220. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.101.23.e215
     Fale mózgowe
443. Goldstein, P., Weissman-Fogel, I., Dumas, G., & Shamay-Tsoory, S. G. (2018). Brain-to-brain coupling during handholding is associated with pain reduction. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 115(11), E2528-E2537. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1703643115
     BólMózg w liczbach
444. Goncharova, I. I., McFarland, D. J., Vaughan, T. M., & Wolpaw, J. R. (2003). EMG contamination of EEG: Spectral and topographical characteristics. Clinical Neurophysiology, 114(9), 1580-1593. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1388-2457(03)00093-2
     Fale mózgowe
445. Gonthier, C., & Thomassin, N. (2025). Getting students interested in psychological measurement by experiencing the Barnum effect. Teaching of Psychology, 52(2), 183-192. https://doi.org/10.1177/00986283241240454 (2269 studentów, pięć roczników)
     Efekt Barnuma
446. Goyal, A., Miller, J., Qasim, S. E., Watrous, A. J., Zhang, H., Stein, J. M., Inman, C. S., Gross, R. E., Willie, J. T., Lega, B., Lin, J.-J., Sharan, A., Wu, C., Sperling, M. R., Sheth, S. A., McKhann, G. M., Smith, E. H., Schevon, C., & Jacobs, J. (2020). Functionally distinct high and low theta oscillations in the human hippocampus. Nature Communications, 11(1), Article 2469. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-15670-6
     Fale mózgowe
447. Grant, L. D., & Provost, S. (2025). Derived relations and attentional bias for near-misses in slot machines. Journal of Gambling Studies, 41(4), 1787-1804. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-025-10420-z (eye-tracking, 24 osoby)
     Efekt prawie wygranej
448. Grassi, P. R., Hoeppe, L., Baytimur, E., & Bartels, A. (2025). Restoring sight in choice blindness: Pupillometry and behavioral evidence of covert detection. Frontiers in Psychology, 16, Article 1598254. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1598254 (dwa eksperymenty, 41 i 23 osoby)
     Ślepota wyboru
449. Green, A. C., Bærentsen, K. B., Stødkilde-Jørgensen, H., Roepstorff, A., & Vuust, P. (2012). Listen, learn, like! Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex involved in the mere exposure effect in music. Neurology Research International, 2012, 846270. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/846270 (fMRI, 21 osób)
     Efekt czystej ekspozycji
450. Grimani, A., Stoffel, S. T., von Wagner, C., Sniehotta, F. F., & Vlaev, I. (2025). Using an inferior decoy alternative to nudge COVID-19 vaccination. Scientific Reports, 15(1), Article 1672. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-84853-8 (948 osób, trzy eksperymenty)
     Efekt wabika
451. Gronau, Q. F., Van Erp, S., Heck, D. W., Cesario, J., Jonas, K. J., & Wagenmakers, E.-J. (2017). A Bayesian model-averaged meta-analysis of the power pose effect with informed and default priors: The case of felt power. Comprehensive Results in Social Psychology, 2(1), 123-138. https://doi.org/10.1080/23743603.2017.1326760 (6 badań, 1071 osób)
     Pozy siły (power posing)
452. Groncki, R., Beaudry, J. L., & Sauer, J. D. (2021). Investigating the ease-of-retrieval effect in an eyewitness context. Memory, 29(2), 234-254. https://doi.org/10.1080/09658211.2021.1882502 (powtórzenie na 661 osobach)
     Heurystyka dostępności
453. Grove C, Sternberg P. Virtual Worm, WormBase (Caltech): model 3D układu nerwowego C. elegans, udostępniony jako domena publiczna; morfologie 302 neuronów w NeuroML z projektu OpenWorm, github.com/openworm/CElegansNeuroML. (302 neurony nicienia, kolor według rodzaju neuronu)
     Grafiki w Sprawdź się
454. Groß, J., & Pachur, T. (2019). Age differences in hindsight bias: A meta-analysis. Psychology and Aging, 34(2), 294-310. https://doi.org/10.1037/pag0000329 (9 badań, 366 młodszych i 368 starszych dorosłych)
     Efekt wiedzy po fakcie
455. Guger, C., Edlinger, G., Harkam, W., Niedermayer, I., & Pfurtscheller, G. (2003). How many people are able to operate an EEG-based brain-computer interface (BCI)? IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering, 11(2), 145-147. https://doi.org/10.1109/TNSRE.2003.814481
     Fale mózgowe
456. Guilbault, R. L., Bryant, F. B., Brockway, J. H., & Posavac, E. J. (2004). A meta-analysis of research on hindsight bias. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 26(2-3), 103-117. https://doi.org/10.1080/01973533.2004.9646399 (metaanaliza; opisujemy według Roese i Vohs, 2012)
     Efekt wiedzy po fakcie
457. Gulati, A., Martínez-Garcia, M., Fernández, D., Lozano, M. A., Lepri, B., & Oliver, N. (2024). What is beautiful is still good: The attractiveness halo effect in the era of beauty filters. Royal Society Open Science, 11(11), Article 240882. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.240882 (2748 osób, plan zarejestrowany przed badaniem)
     Efekt aureoliMózg w liczbach
458. Guo, J. N., Kim, R., Chen, Y., Negishi, M., Jhun, S., Weiss, S., Ryu, J. H., Bai, X., Xiao, W., Feeney, E., Rodriguez-Fernandez, J., Mistry, H., Crunelli, V., Crowley, M. J., Mayes, L. C., Constable, R. T., & Blumenfeld, H. (2016). Impaired consciousness in patients with absence seizures investigated by functional MRI, EEG, and behavioural measures: A cross-sectional study. The Lancet Neurology, 15(13), 1336-1345. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(16)30295-2
     Świadomość
459. Guo, W., Shi, J., Lu, X., Ye, H., & Luo, J. (2019). Modulating the activity of MPFC with tDCS alters endowment effect. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 13, Article 211. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00211 (tDCS, eksperyment 1: 159 osób, eksperyment 2: 60 osób)
     Efekt posiadania
460. Gwiazdy za globem: Yale Bright Star Catalogue, wyd. 5 poprawione, Hoffleit D. & Warren W.H. Jr. (1991), katalog VizieR V/50, CDS Strasbourg. Blue Marble i światła miast: NASA Earth Observatory / NASA Worldview (GIBS). Europa Środkowa, południe Polski i Kraków: Sentinel-2 cloudless 2024, EOX IT Services GmbH, s2maps.eu (zawiera zmodyfikowane dane Copernicus Sentinel 2024). Stare Miasto i Rynek Główny: ortofotomapa, Główny Urząd Geodezji i Kartografii, geoportal.gov.pl. (dane)
     Od Ziemi do synapsy
461. Haack, M., Simpson, N., Sethna, N., Kaur, S., & Mullington, J. (2020). Sleep deficiency and chronic pain: Potential underlying mechanisms and clinical implications. Neuropsychopharmacology, 45(1), 205-216. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41386-019-0439-z
     Ból
462. Hadzic, A., & Andersson, S. (2024). Non-ictal, interictal and ictal déjà vu: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Neurology, 15, Article 1406889. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2024.1406889
     Déjà vuMózg w liczbach
463. Haegens, S., Cousijn, H., Wallis, G., Harrison, P. J., & Nobre, A. C. (2014). Inter- and intra-individual variability in alpha peak frequency. NeuroImage, 92, 46-55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.01.049
     Fale mózgowe
464. Hafting T, Fyhn M, Molden S, Moser M-B, Moser EI. Microstructure of a spatial map in the entorhinal cortex. Nature 436:801–806 (2005), doi:10.1038/nature03721; dataset doi:10.11582/2017.00017. (dane)
     Struktury głębokie
465. Hagger, M. S., Chatzisarantis, N. L. D., Alberts, H., i in. (2016). A multilab preregistered replication of the ego-depletion effect. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 11(4), 546-573. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691616652873 (23 laboratoria)
     Wyczerpanie ego
466. Hagger, M. S., Wood, C., Stiff, C., & Chatzisarantis, N. L. D. (2010). Ego depletion and the strength model of self-control: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 136(4), 495-525. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019486 (metaanaliza, 198 testów)
     Wyczerpanie ego
467. Halgren, M., Ulbert, I., Bastuji, H., Fabó, D., Erőss, L., Rey, M., Devinsky, O., Doyle, W. K., Mak-McCully, R., Halgren, E., Wittner, L., Chauvel, P., Heit, G., Eskandar, E., Mandell, A., & Cash, S. S. (2019). The generation and propagation of the human alpha rhythm. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 116(47), 23772-23782. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1913092116
     Fale mózgowe
468. Halkjelsvik, T., & Jørgensen, M. (2012). From origami to software development: A review of studies on judgment-based predictions of performance time. Psychological Bulletin, 138(2), 238-271. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0025996 (przegląd)
     Złudzenie planowania
469. Hall, L., Johansson, P., & Strandberg, T. (2012). Lifting the veil of morality: Choice blindness and attitude reversals on a self-transforming survey. PLOS ONE, 7(9), Article e45457. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0045457 (160 osób)
     Ślepota wyboru
470. Hall, L., Johansson, P., Tärning, B., Sikström, S., & Deutgen, T. (2010). Magic at the marketplace: Choice blindness for the taste of jam and the smell of tea. Cognition, 117(1), 54-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2010.06.010 (180 klientów supermarketu)
     Ślepota wyboru
471. Hall, L., Strandberg, T., Pärnamets, P., Lind, A., Tärning, B., & Johansson, P. (2013). How the polls can be both spot on and dead wrong: Using choice blindness to shift political attitudes and voter intentions. PLOS ONE, 8(4), Article e60554. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0060554 (160 osób w analizie)
     Ślepota wyboru
472. Haller, A., & Schwabe, L. (2014). Sunk costs in the human brain. NeuroImage, 97, 127-133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.04.036 (28 osób, fMRI, 324 rundy, 10 z nich rozliczonych prawdziwymi pieniędzmi)
     Efekt utopionych kosztów
473. Hamilton, D. L., & Gifford, R. K. (1976). Illusory correlation in interpersonal perception: A cognitive basis of stereotypic judgments. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 12(4), 392-407. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1031(76)80006-6 (oryginał; 33 i 53 osoby w analizie)
     Iluzoryczna korelacja
474. Haran, U., Moore, D. A., & Morewedge, C. K. (2010). A simple remedy for overprecision in judgment. Judgment and Decision Making, 5(7), 467-476. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1930297500001637 (trzy eksperymenty)
     Nadmierna precyzja
475. Hare, T. A., Hakimi, S., & Rangel, A. (2014). Activity in dlPFC and its effective connectivity to vmPFC are associated with temporal discounting. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 8, Article 50. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2014.00050 (szacunek współrzędnych miejsca stymulacji z badania Figner i in.)
     Dyskontowanie odroczonych nagród
476. Harrison, Y., & Horne, J. A. (2000). The impact of sleep deprivation on decision making: A review. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 6(3), 236-249. https://doi.org/10.1037/1076-898X.6.3.236
     Sen
477. Hart, W., Albarracín, D., Eagly, A. H., Brechan, I., Lindberg, M. J., & Merrill, L. (2009). Feeling validated versus being correct: A meta-analysis of selective exposure to information. Psychological Bulletin, 135(4), 555-588. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0015701 (metaanaliza, 91 badań)
     Błąd konfirmacji
478. Hartshorne, J. K., & Germine, L. T. (2015). When does cognitive functioning peak? The asynchronous rise and fall of different cognitive abilities across the life span. Psychological Science, 26(4), 433-443. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797614567339
     Od mikrosekund do dekadMózg w liczbach
479. Hasher, L., Goldstein, D., & Toppino, T. (1977). Frequency and the conference of referential validity. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 16(1), 107-112. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5371(77)80012-1 (procedurę opisujemy za Speckmann i Unkelbach, 2022, oraz Schnuerch i in., 2021)
     Efekt iluzorycznej prawdy
480. Hashmi, J. A., Baliki, M. N., Huang, L., Baria, A. T., Torbey, S., Hermann, K. M., Schnitzer, T. J., & Apkarian, A. V. (2013). Shape shifting pain: Chronification of back pain shifts brain representation from nociceptive to emotional circuits. Brain, 136(9), 2751-2768. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awt211
     Ból
481. Hassan, A., & Barber, S. J. (2021). The effects of repetition frequency on the illusory truth effect. Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, 6(1), Article 38. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41235-021-00301-5 (51 i 57 osób)
     Efekt iluzorycznej prawdy
482. Hasson, U., Yang, E., Vallines, I., Heeger, D. J., & Rubin, N. (2008). A hierarchy of temporal receptive windows in human cortex. The Journal of Neuroscience, 28(10), 2539-2550. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5487-07.2008
     Od mikrosekund do dekad
483. Hay, C. M., Sills, J. L., Shoemake, J. M., Ballmann, C. G., Stephens, R., & Washmuth, N. B. (2024). F@#$ pain! A mini-review of the hypoalgesic effects of swearing. Frontiers in Psychology, 15, 1416041. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1416041
     Ból
484. Hedgcock, W., & Rao, A. R. (2009). Trade-off aversion as an explanation for the attraction effect: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Journal of Marketing Research, 46(1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkr.46.1.1 (fMRI, 16 osób)
     Efekt wabika
485. Hedman, A. M., van Haren, N. E. M., Schnack, H. G., Kahn, R. S., & Hulshoff Pol, H. E. (2012). Human brain changes across the life span: A review of 56 longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging studies. Human Brain Mapping, 33(8), 1987-2002. https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.21334
     Od mikrosekund do dekadMózg w liczbach
486. Heerma van Voss, B., Yoon, H., Scopelliti, I., Zweet, R., Helsloot, I., & Morewedge, C. K. (2025). Debiasing training reduces confirmation bias in national risk analysts. Scientific Reports, 15, Article 42529. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-28794-w (71 analityków i 118 studentów)
     Efekt ślepej plamki
487. Helfrich, R. F., Mander, B. A., Jagust, W. J., Knight, R. T., & Walker, M. P. (2018). Old brains come uncoupled in sleep: Slow wave-spindle synchrony, brain atrophy, and forgetting. Neuron, 97(1), 221-230. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2017.11.020
     Sen
488. Hell, W., Gigerenzer, G., Gauggel, S., Mall, M., & Müller, M. (1988). Hindsight bias: An interaction of automatic and motivational factors? Memory & Cognition, 16(6), 533-538. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03197054 (wskaźnik przesunięcia; wzór według Bernstein i in., 2011)
     Efekt wiedzy po fakcie
489. Hemingway, C. T., DeVore, J. E., & Muth, F. (2024). Economic foraging in a floral marketplace: Asymmetrically dominated decoy effects in bumblebees. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 291(2031), Article 20240843. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2024.0843 (103 trzmiele)
     Efekt wabika
490. Henderson, E. L., Simons, D. J., & Barr, D. J. (2021). The trajectory of truth: A longitudinal study of the illusory truth effect. Journal of Cognition, 4(1), Article 29. https://doi.org/10.5334/joc.161 (567 osób w analizie)
     Efekt iluzorycznej prawdyMózg w liczbach
491. Henderson, E. L., Westwood, S. J., & Simons, D. J. (2022). A reproducible systematic map of research on the illusory truth effect. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 29(3), 1065-1088. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-021-01995-w (181 badań)
     Efekt iluzorycznej prawdy
492. Hennenlotter, A., Dresel, C., Castrop, F., Ceballos-Baumann, A. O., Wohlschläger, A. M., & Haslinger, B. (2009). The link between facial feedback and neural activity within central circuitries of emotion: New insights from botulinum toxin-induced denervation of frown muscles. Cerebral Cortex, 19(3), 537-542. https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhn104 (fMRI, 38 kobiet)
     Mimiczne sprzężenie zwrotne
493. Herbet G, Zemmoura I, Duffau H. Functional anatomy of the inferior longitudinal fasciculus: from historical reports to current hypotheses. Front Neuroanat 12:77 (2018). doi:10.3389/fnana.2018.00077 (praca źródłowa łańcucha „Patrzysz na tę wizualizację”)
     Istota biała
494. Herculano-Houzel i wsp., Front Neuroanat 9:64 (2015) doi:10.3389/fnana.2015.00064 (mysz)
     Mózg w liczbach
495. Herrero, J. L., Roberts, M. J., Delicato, L. S., Gieselmann, M. A., Dayan, P., & Thiele, A. (2008). Acetylcholine contributes through muscarinic receptors to attentional modulation in V1. Nature, 454(7208), 1110-1114. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature07141
     Uwaga
496. Herrmann, P. N., Kundisch, D. O., & Rahman, M. S. (2015). Beating irrationality: Does delegating to IT alleviate the sunk cost effect? Management Science, 61(4), 831-850. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2014.1955 (około 7000 aukcji)
     Efekt utopionych kosztów
497. Hershfield, H. E., Goldstein, D. G., Sharpe, W. F., Fox, J., Yeykelis, L., Carstensen, L. L., & Bailenson, J. N. (2011). Increasing saving behavior through age-progressed renderings of the future self. Journal of Marketing Research, 48(SPL), S23-S37. https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkr.48.SPL.S23 (4 badania)
     Dyskontowanie odroczonych nagród
498. Hertwig, R., & Gigerenzer, G. (1999). The ‘conjunction fallacy’ revisited: How intelligent inferences look like reasoning errors. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 12(4), 275-305. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-0771(199912)12:4<275::AID-BDM323>3.0.CO;2-M
     Błąd koniunkcji
499. Hertwig, R., Benz, B., & Krauss, S. (2008). The conjunction fallacy and the many meanings of and. Cognition, 108(3), 740-753. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2008.06.008
     Błąd koniunkcji
500. Hillyard, S. A., Hink, R. F., Schwent, V. L., & Picton, T. W. (1973). Electrical Signs of Selective Attention in the Human Brain. Science, 182(4108), 177-180. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.182.4108.177
     Uwaga
501. Hirshkowitz, M., Whiton, K., Albert, S. M., Alessi, C., Bruni, O., DonCarlos, L., Hazen, N., Herman, J., Katz, E. S., Kheirandish-Gozal, L., Neubauer, D. N., O'Donnell, A. E., Ohayon, M., Peever, J., Rawding, R., Sachdeva, R. C., Setters, B., Vitiello, M. V., Ware, J. C., & Adams Hillard, P. J. (2015). National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: Methodology and results summary. Sleep Health, 1(1), 40-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleh.2014.12.010
     SenMózg w liczbach
502. Hobbs, C., Vozarova, P., Sabharwal, A., Shah, P., & Button, K. (2022). Is depression associated with reduced optimistic belief updating? Royal Society Open Science, 9(2), Article 190814. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.190814 (110 osób, raport zarejestrowany przed badaniem)
     Nierealistyczny optymizm
503. Hodgkin i Katz, J Physiol 108:37-77 (1949) doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1949.sp004310 (akson kałamarnicy)
     Mózg w liczbach
504. Hoffrage, U., Hertwig, R., & Gigerenzer, G. (2000). Hindsight bias: A by-product of knowledge updating? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 26(3), 566-581. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.26.3.566 (opisujemy według Bernstein i in., 2011)
     Efekt wiedzy po fakcie
505. Hofman, S., Wieser, M. J., & van der Veen, F. M. (2021). Acetaminophen does not affect cardiac and brain responses to social rejection but seems to attenuate behavioral adaptation in a social judgment task. Social Neuroscience, 16(4), 362-374. https://doi.org/10.1080/17470919.2021.1924260
     Ból
506. Hollerman, J. R., & Schultz, W. (1998). Dopamine neurons report an error in the temporal prediction of reward during learning. Nature Neuroscience, 1(4), 304-309. https://doi.org/10.1038/1124
     Dopamina
507. Honey, C. J., Thesen, T., Donner, T. H., Silbert, L. J., Carlson, C. E., Devinsky, O., Doyle, W. K., Rubin, N., Heeger, D. J., & Hasson, U. (2012). Slow cortical dynamics and the accumulation of information over long timescales. Neuron, 76(2), 423-434. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2012.08.011
     Od mikrosekund do dekad
508. Hornykiewicz, O. (2010). A brief history of levodopa. Journal of Neurology, 257(S2), 249-252. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-010-5741-y
     Dopamina
509. Hosoda, M., Stone-Romero, E. F., & Coats, G. (2003). The effects of physical attractiveness on job-related outcomes: A meta-analysis of experimental studies. Personnel Psychology, 56(2), 431-462. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.2003.tb00157.x
     Efekt aureoli
510. Howard, D., Chameh, H. M., Guet-McCreight, A., Hsiao, H. A., Vuong, M., Seo, Y. S., Shah, P., Nigam, A., Chen, Y., Davie, M., Hay, E., Valiante, T. A., & Tripathy, S. J. (2022). An in vitro whole-cell electrophysiology dataset of human cortical neurons. GigaScience, 11, giac108. https://doi.org/10.1093/gigascience/giac108
     Od mikrosekund do dekad
511. Howard, J. P., Wood, F. A., Finegold, J. A., Nowbar, A. N., Thompson, D. M., Arnold, A. D., Rajkumar, C. A., Connolly, S., Cegla, J., Stride, C., Sever, P., Norton, C., Thom, S. A. M., Shun-Shin, M. J., & Francis, D. P. (2021). Side effect patterns in a crossover trial of statin, placebo, and no treatment. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 78(12), 1210-1222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2021.07.022
     Ból
512. Howes, O. D., & Kapur, S. (2009). The Dopamine Hypothesis of Schizophrenia: Version III--The Final Common Pathway. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 35(3), 549-562. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbp006
     Dopamina
513. Hsu, M., Krajbich, I., Zhao, C., & Camerer, C. F. (2009). Neural response to reward anticipation under risk is nonlinear in probabilities. The Journal of Neuroscience, 29(7), 2231-2237. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5296-08.2009 (fMRI, 21 osób)
     Efekt pewności
514. Hu, J., & Yu, R. (2014). The neural correlates of the decoy effect in decisions. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 8, Article 271. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00271 (fMRI, 16 osób)
     Efekt wabika
515. Huang, Z.-L., Qu, W.-M., Eguchi, N., Chen, J.-F., Schwarzschild, M. A., Fredholm, B. B., Urade, Y., & Hayaishi, O. (2005). Adenosine A2A, but not A1, receptors mediate the arousal effect of caffeine. Nature Neuroscience, 8(7), 858-859. https://doi.org/10.1038/nn1491
     Sen
516. Huber, J., Payne, J. W., & Puto, C. (1982). Adding asymmetrically dominated alternatives: Violations of regularity and the similarity hypothesis. Journal of Consumer Research, 9(1), 90-98. https://doi.org/10.1086/208899
     Efekt wabika
517. Huber, J., Payne, J. W., & Puto, C. P. (2014). Let’s be honest about the attraction effect. Journal of Marketing Research, 51(4), 520-525. https://doi.org/10.1509/jmr.14.0208
     Efekt wabika
518. Huck, S., & Müller, W. (2012). Allais for all: Revisiting the paradox in a large representative sample. Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, 44(3), 261-293. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11166-012-9142-8
     Efekt pewności
519. Huebert, A. M., Myers, S. J., & Cleary, A. M. (2025). Experimental evidence that illusory feelings of prediction can be caused by familiarity detection. Consciousness and Cognition, 133, Article 103904. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2025.103904
     Déjà vu
520. Hultman, C., Vadlin, S., Rehn, M., Sescousse, G., Nilsson, K. W., & Åslund, C. (2023). Autonomic responses during gambling: The effect of outcome type and sex in a large community sample of young adults. Journal of Gambling Studies, 39(1), 159-182. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-022-10118-6 (269 osób)
     Efekt prawie wygranej
521. Hutchinson, B. T., Jack, B. N., Pammer, K., Canseco-Gonzalez, E., & Pitts, M. (2024). No electrophysiological evidence for semantic processing during inattentional blindness. NeuroImage, 299, 120799. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2024.120799
     Świadomość
522. Hutchinson, B. T., Pammer, K., & Bandara, K. (2020). tACS stimulation at alpha frequency selectively induces inattentional blindness. Brain Topography, 33(3), 317-326. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10548-020-00762-9 (stymulacja prądem zmiennym)
     Ślepota pozauwagowa
523. Hutchinson, B. T., Pustejovsky, J. E., Bandara, K., McGovern, H., Cox, J., Voce, A., Pitts, M., & Slagter, H. A. (2026). The neural correlates of consciousness: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the visual awareness negativity and P3b. Psychological Bulletin, 152(5-6), 449-483. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000521
     Świadomość
524. Huttenlocher, P. R., & Dabholkar, A. S. (1997). Regional differences in synaptogenesis in human cerebral cortex. The Journal of Comparative Neurology, 387(2), 167-178. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-9861(19971020)387:2<167::AID-CNE1>3.0.CO;2-Z
     Od mikrosekund do dekadMózg w liczbach
525. Iaccarino, H. F., Singer, A. C., Martorell, A. J., Rudenko, A., Gao, F., Gillingham, T. Z., Mathys, H., Seo, J., Kritskiy, O., Abdurrob, F., Adaikkan, C., Canter, R. G., Rueda, R., Brown, E. N., Boyden, E. S., & Tsai, L.-H. (2016). Gamma frequency entrainment attenuates amyloid load and modifies microglia. Nature, 540(7632), 230-235. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature20587
     Fale mózgowe
526. Iannetti, G. D., & Mouraux, A. (2010). From the neuromatrix to the pain matrix (and back). Experimental Brain Research, 205(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-010-2340-1
     Ból
527. Iglesias JE et al. A computational atlas of the hippocampal formation using ex vivo, ultra-high resolution MRI. NeuroImage 115:117–137 (2015). doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.04.042. (dane)
     Struktury głębokie
528. Iglesias JE et al. A probabilistic atlas of the human thalamic nuclei combining ex vivo MRI and histology. NeuroImage 183:314–326 (2018). doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.08.012. (dane)
     Struktury głębokie
529. IIT-Concerned, Arnold, D. H., Baxter, M. G., … Fleming, S. M., … Lau, H., LeDoux, J., … Klincewicz, M., Cheng, T., Schmitz, M., Sebastián, M. Á., & Snyder, J. S. (2025). What makes a theory of consciousness unscientific? Nature Neuroscience, 28(4), 689-693. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-025-01881-x
     Świadomość
530. Illman, N. A., Butler, C. R., Souchay, C., & Moulin, C. J. A. (2012). Déjà Experiences in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. Epilepsy Research and Treatment, 2012, Article 539567. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/539567
     Déjà vu
531. Imaizumi, Y., Tymula, A., Tsubo, Y., Matsumoto, M., & Yamada, H. (2022). A neuronal prospect theory model in the brain reward circuitry. Nature Communications, 13(1), Article 5855. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-33579-0 (2 makaki, zapisy pojedynczych neuronów)
     Efekt pewności
532. Ingendoh, R. M., Posny, E. S., & Heine, A. (2023). Binaural beats to entrain the brain? A systematic review of the effects of binaural beat stimulation on brain oscillatory activity, and the implications for psychological research and intervention. PLOS ONE, 18(5), e0286023. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0286023
     Fale mózgowe
533. Inzlicht, M., & Friese, M. (2019). The past, present, and future of ego depletion. Social Psychology, 50(5-6), 370-378. https://doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335/a000398 (komentarz)
     Wyczerpanie ego
534. Inzlicht, M., & Gutsell, J. N. (2007). Running on empty: Neural signals for self-control failure. Psychological Science, 18(11), 933-937. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.02004.x (EEG, 33 osoby w analizie)
     Wyczerpanie ego
535. Isoni, A., Loomes, G., & Sugden, R. (2011). The willingness to pay-willingness to accept gap, the "endowment effect," subject misconceptions, and experimental procedures for eliciting valuations: Comment. American Economic Review, 101(2), 991-1011. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.101.2.991
     Efekt posiadania
536. Izakson, L., Zeevi, Y., & Levy, D. J. (2020). Attraction to similar options: The Gestalt law of proximity is related to the attraction effect. PLoS ONE, 15(10), Article e0240937. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0240937 (38 osób i 81 w powtórce)
     Efekt wabika
537. Izydorczak, K., Dolinski, D., Genschow, O., Kulesza, W., Muniak, P., Casara, B. G. S., & Suitner, C. (2023). Do unbiased people act more rationally? The case of comparative realism and vaccine intention. Royal Society Open Science, 10(2), Article 220775. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.220775 (6 prób, 2409 osób, oraz 1404 i 1508 osób)
     Nierealistyczny optymizm
538. Jachimowicz, J. M., Duncan, S., Weber, E. U., & Johnson, E. J. (2019). When and why defaults influence decisions: A meta-analysis of default effects. Behavioural Public Policy, 3(2), 159-186. https://doi.org/10.1017/bpp.2018.43 (58 zestawów danych, 73 675 osób)
     Efekt opcji domyślnej
539. Jackson, S. M., & Roberts, W. A. (2021). Irrational behavior in dogs (Canis lupus familiaris): A violation of independence from irrelevant alternatives. Behavioural Processes, 193, Article 104512. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beproc.2021.104512
     Efekt wabika
540. Jacobs, J. (2014). Hippocampal theta oscillations are slower in humans than in rodents: Implications for models of spatial navigation and memory. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 369(1635), Article 20130304. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2013.0304
     Fale mózgowe
541. Jacowitz, K. E., & Kahneman, D. (1995). Measures of anchoring in estimation tasks. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 21(11), 1161-1166. https://doi.org/10.1177/01461672952111004 (wskaźnik zakotwiczenia 0,49 za Sobkow i in., 2022)
     Efekt zakotwiczenia
542. James, W. (1890). The principles of psychology (Vol. 1). Henry Holt and Company.
     Świadomość
543. Janah, A., Goldstein, L., & Fahoum, F. (2026). Localizing value of ictal déjà vu, déjà vécu, dreamy state and reminiscence: A systematic review. Epileptic Disorders. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1002/epd2.70383
     Déjà vu
544. Jansen, R. A., Rafferty, A. N., & Griffiths, T. L. (2021). A rational model of the Dunning-Kruger effect supports insensitivity to evidence in low performers. Nature Human Behaviour, 5(6), 756-763. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-021-01057-0 (3515 i 3543 osoby, plan zarejestrowany przed badaniem)
     Efekt Dunninga-Krugera
545. Jenkins, Dowsett i Burton, Proc R Soc B 285:20181319 (2018) doi:10.1098/rspb.2018.1319 (test przypominania i rozpoznawania 3441 twarzy osób publicznych)
     Mózg w liczbach
546. Jensen, O., & Mazaheri, A. (2010). Shaping functional architecture by oscillatory alpha activity: Gating by inhibition. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 4, Article 186. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2010.00186
     Fale mózgowe
547. Jensen, O., & Tesche, C. D. (2002). Frontal theta activity in humans increases with memory load in a working memory task. European Journal of Neuroscience, 15(8), 1395-1399. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-9568.2002.01975.x
     Fale mózgowe
548. Jersakova, R., Moulin, C. J. A., & O’Connor, A. R. (2016). Investigating the Role of Assessment Method on Reports of Déjà Vu and Tip-of-the-Tongue States during Standard Recognition Tests. PLOS ONE, 11(4), e0154334. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0154334
     Déjà vu
549. Jessup, R. K., & O’Doherty, J. P. (2011). Human dorsal striatal activity during choice discriminates reinforcement learning behavior from the gambler’s fallacy. The Journal of Neuroscience, 31(17), 6296-6304. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.6421-10.2011 (fMRI, 31 osób, dane obrazowe od 28)
     Złudzenie gracza i gorąca ręka
550. Johansson, P., Hall, L., Sikström, S., & Olsson, A. (2005). Failure to detect mismatches between intention and outcome in a simple decision task. Science, 310(5745), 116-119. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1111709 (oryginał, 120 osób)
     Ślepota wyboru
551. Johnson, D. J., Cheung, F., & Donnellan, M. B. (2014). Does cleanliness influence moral judgments? A direct replication of Schnall, Benton, and Harvey (2008). Social Psychology, 45(3), 209-215. https://doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335/a000186 (208 i 126 osób)
     Efekt Makbeta
552. Johnson, E. J., & Goldstein, D. (2003). Do defaults save lives? Science, 302(5649), 1338-1339. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1091721
     Efekt opcji domyślnej
553. Johnson, M. I., Paley, C. A., Jones, G., Mulvey, M. R., & Wittkopf, P. G. (2022). Efficacy and safety of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for acute and chronic pain in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 381 studies (the meta-TENS study). BMJ Open, 12(2), e051073. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-051073
     Ból
554. Johnson, S. B., Blum, R. W., & Giedd, J. N. (2009). Adolescent maturity and the brain: The promise and pitfalls of neuroscience research in adolescent health policy. Journal of Adolescent Health, 45(3), 216-221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2009.05.016
     Od mikrosekund do dekad
555. Johnson, S. W., & North, R. A. (1992). Opioids excite dopamine neurons by hyperpolarization of local interneurons. The Journal of Neuroscience, 12(2), 483-488. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.12-02-00483.1992
     Dopamina
556. Jonas, K. J., Cesario, J., Alger, M., i in. (2017). Power poses: Where do we stand? Comprehensive Results in Social Psychology, 2(1), 139-141. https://doi.org/10.1080/23743603.2017.1342447 (podsumowanie siedmiu badań)
     Pozy siły (power posing)
557. Jones, C. M. P., Day, R. O., Koes, B. W., Latimer, J., Maher, C. G., McLachlan, A. J., Billot, L., Shan, S., Lin, C.-W. C., & OPAL Investigators Coordinators. (2023). Opioid analgesia for acute low back pain and neck pain (the OPAL trial): A randomised placebo-controlled trial. The Lancet, 402(10398), 304-312. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(23)00404-X
     Ból
558. Jones, E. E., & Harris, V. A. (1967). The attribution of attitudes. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 3(1), 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1031(67)90034-0 (3 eksperymenty)
     Podstawowy błąd atrybucji
559. Joshi, S., Li, Y., Kalwani, R. M., & Gold, J. I. (2016). Relationships between Pupil Diameter and Neuronal Activity in the Locus Coeruleus, Colliculi, and Cingulate Cortex. Neuron, 89(1), 221-234. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2015.11.028
     Uwaga
560. Juslin, P., Winman, A., & Hansson, P. (2007). The naïve intuitive statistician: A naïve sampling model of intuitive confidence intervals. Psychological Review, 114(3), 678-703. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.114.3.678 (teoria i przegląd)
     Nadmierna precyzja
561. Kaanders, P., Sepulveda, P., Folke, T., Ortoleva, P., & De Martino, B. (2022). Humans actively sample evidence to support prior beliefs. eLife, 11, Article e71768. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.71768 (28 i 18 osób; dane eksperymentu 1)
     Błąd konfirmacji
562. Kable, J. W., & Glimcher, P. W. (2007). The neural correlates of subjective value during intertemporal choice. Nature Neuroscience, 10(12), 1625-1633. https://doi.org/10.1038/nn2007
     Dyskontowanie odroczonych nagród
563. Kahneman, D., & Tversky, A. (1973). On the psychology of prediction. Psychological Review, 80(4), 237-251. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0034747 (zadanie z inżynierami i prawnikami, 171 osób)
     Pomijanie częstości bazowej
564. Kahneman, D., & Tversky, A. (1979). Prospect theory: An analysis of decision under risk. Econometrica, 47(2), 263-291. https://doi.org/10.2307/1914185 (liczby osób z danych udostępnionych przez Ruggeriego i in., 2020, oraz z tabeli 1 w pracy Millrotha i in., 2019)
     Efekt pewnościAwersja do strat
565. Kahneman, D., & Tversky, A. (1984). Choices, values, and frames. American Psychologist, 39(4), 341-350. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.39.4.341
     Efekt framingu
566. Kahneman, D., Knetsch, J. L., & Thaler, R. H. (1990). Experimental tests of the endowment effect and the Coase theorem. Journal of Political Economy, 98(6), 1325-1348. https://doi.org/10.1086/261737 (eksperyment 1: Cornell; eksperyment 6: 77 osób; opis badania z kubkiem i czekoladą Knetscha z 1989 roku)
     Efekt posiadania
567. Kamin, K. A., & Rachlinski, J. J. (1995). Ex post ≠ ex ante: Determining liability in hindsight. Law and Human Behavior, 19(1), 89-104. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01499075 (76 studentów)
     Efekt wiedzy po fakcie
568. Kanngiesser, P., Santos, L. R., Hood, B. M., & Call, J. (2011). The limits of endowment effects in great apes (Pan paniscus, Pan troglodytes, Gorilla gorilla, Pongo pygmaeus). Journal of Comparative Psychology, 125(4), 436-445. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0024516
     Efekt posiadania
569. Kaplan, J. T., Gimbel, S. I., & Harris, S. (2016). Neural correlates of maintaining one’s political beliefs in the face of counterevidence. Scientific Reports, 6, Article 39589. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep39589 (fMRI, 40 osób)
     Błąd konfirmacji
570. Kappes, A., Harvey, A. H., Lohrenz, T., Montague, P. R., & Sharot, T. (2020). Confirmation bias in the utilization of others’ opinion strength. Nature Neuroscience, 23(1), 130-137. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-019-0549-2 (fMRI, 31 osób w analizie)
     Błąd konfirmacji
571. Karremans, J. C., Stroebe, W., & Claus, J. (2006). Beyond Vicary's fantasies: The impact of subliminal priming and brand choice. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 42(6), 792-798. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2005.12.002
     Świadomość
572. Kastner, S., Pinsk, M. A., De Weerd, P., Desimone, R., & Ungerleider, L. G. (1999). Increased Activity in Human Visual Cortex during Directed Attention in the Absence of Visual Stimulation. Neuron, 22(4), 751-761. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0896-6273(00)80734-5
     Uwaga
573. Kemp, B., Zwinderman, A. H., Tuk, B., Kamphuisen, H. A. C., & Oberyé, J. J. L. (2000). Analysis of a sleep-dependent neuronal feedback loop: The slow-wave microcontinuity of the EEG. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 47(9), 1185-1194. https://doi.org/10.1109/10.867928
     Sen
574. Kempermann, G., Gage, F. H., Aigner, L., Song, H., Curtis, M. A., Thuret, S., Kuhn, H. G., Jessberger, S., Frankland, P. W., Cameron, H. A., Gould, E., Hen, R., Abrous, D. N., Toni, N., Schinder, A. F., Zhao, X., Lucassen, P. J., & Frisén, J. (2018). Human adult neurogenesis: Evidence and remaining questions. Cell Stem Cell, 23(1), 25-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stem.2018.04.004
     Od mikrosekund do dekad
575. Kerr, N. L., Ao, X., Hogg, M. A., & Zhang, J. (2018). Addressing replicability concerns via adversarial collaboration: Discovering hidden moderators of the minimal intergroup discrimination effect. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 78, 66-76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2018.05.001 (412 studentów, Australia i USA)
     Faworyzowanie grupy własnej
576. Keysar, B., Hayakawa, S. L., & An, S. G. (2012). The foreign-language effect: Thinking in a foreign tongue reduces decision biases. Psychological Science, 23(6), 661-668. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797611432178 (eksperyment 1a, 121 osób)
     Efekt framingu
577. Khalid, I., Morlaas, O., Bottemanne, H., Thonon, L., Da Costa, T., Fossati, P., & Schmidt, L. (2025). Effects of experiencing the COVID-19 pandemic on optimistically biased belief updating. eLife, 13, Article RP101157. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.101157 (123 osoby)
     Nierealistyczny optymizm
578. Kidd, C., Palmeri, H., & Aslin, R. N. (2013). Rational snacking: Young children's decision-making on the marshmallow task is moderated by beliefs about environmental reliability. Cognition, 126(1), 109-114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2012.08.004 (28 dzieci)
     Test pianki Marshmallow
579. Kiesel, A., Steinhauser, M., Wendt, M., Falkenstein, M., Jost, K., Philipp, A. M., & Koch, I. (2010). Control and interference in task switching: A review. Psychological Bulletin, 136(5), 849-874. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019842
     Uwaga
580. Killingsworth, M. A., & Gilbert, D. T. (2010). A Wandering Mind Is an Unhappy Mind. Science, 330(6006), 932-932. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1192439
     UwagaMózg w liczbach
581. Kim, H., & Cabeza, R. (2007). Trusting our memories: Dissociating the neural correlates of confidence in veridical versus illusory memories. The Journal of Neuroscience, 27(45), 12190-12197. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3408-07.2007 (fMRI, 11 osób)
     Fałszywe wspomnienia
582. Kim, M. J., Neta, M., Davis, F. C., Ruberry, E. J., Dinescu, D., Heatherton, T. F., Stotland, M. A., & Whalen, P. J. (2014). Botulinum toxin-induced facial muscle paralysis affects amygdala responses to the perception of emotional expressions: Preliminary findings from an A-B-A design. Biology of Mood & Anxiety Disorders, 4, Article 11. https://doi.org/10.1186/2045-5380-4-11 (fMRI, 7 kobiet)
     Mimiczne sprzężenie zwrotne
583. Kim, S., & Hasher, L. (2005). The attraction effect in decision making: Superior performance by older adults. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A, 58(1), 120-133. https://doi.org/10.1080/02724980443000160
     Efekt wabika
584. Kim, S., Chen, J., Cheng, T., Gindulyte, A., He, J., He, S., Li, Q., Shoemaker, B. A., Thiessen, P. A., Yu, B., Zaslavsky, L., Zhang, J., & Bolton, E. E. (2023). PubChem 2023 update. Nucleic Acids Research, 51(D1), D1373-D1380. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkac956
     Dopamina
585. Kirchner, H., & Thorpe, S. J. (2006). Ultra-rapid object detection with saccadic eye movements: Visual processing speed revisited. Vision Research, 46(11), 1762-1776. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2005.10.002
     Od mikrosekund do dekad
586. Kirschner, P. A., & De Bruyckere, P. (2017). The myths of the digital native and the multitasker. Teaching and Teacher Education, 67, 135-142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2017.06.001
     Uwaga
587. Kivetz, R., Netzer, O., & Srinivasan, V. (2004). Extending compromise effect models to complex buying situations and other context effects. Journal of Marketing Research, 41(3), 262-268. https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkr.41.3.262.35993 (59 studentów MBA)
     Efekt wabika
588. Klayman, J., & Ha, Y.-W. (1987). Confirmation, disconfirmation, and information in hypothesis testing. Psychological Review, 94(2), 211-228. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.94.2.211 (analiza teoretyczna)
     Błąd konfirmacji
589. Klayman, J., Soll, J. B., González-Vallejo, C., & Barlas, S. (1999). Overconfidence: It depends on how, what, and whom you ask. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 79(3), 216-247. https://doi.org/10.1006/obhd.1999.2847 (trzy eksperymenty)
     Nadmierna precyzja
590. Klein, R. A., Ratliff, K. A., Vianello, M., i in. (2014). Investigating variation in replicability: A "many labs" replication project. Social Psychology, 45(3), 142-152. https://doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335/a000178 (36 prób, łącznie 6344 osoby; zadanie z chorobą: 6271 osób, bez słowa „azjatycka”)
     Efekt framinguEfekt zakotwiczenia
591. Klein, R. A., Vianello, M., Hasselman, F., Adams, B. G., Adams, R. B., Alper, S., Aveyard, M., Axt, J. R., Babalola, M. T., Bahník, Š., Batra, R., Berkics, M., Bernstein, M. J., Berry, D. R., Bialobrzeska, O., Binan, E. D., Bocian, K., Brandt, M. J., Busching, R., … Nosek, B. A. (2018). Many Labs 2: Investigating variation in replicability across samples and settings. Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science, 1(4), 443-490. https://doi.org/10.1177/2515245918810225 (powtórzenie 28 efektów, plan zarejestrowany przed badaniem)
     Podstawowy błąd atrybucjiEfekt fałszywej zgodnościEfekt Makbeta
592. Klein, R. M., & Feltmate, B. B. T. (2025). The vigilance decrement: its first 75 years. Frontiers in Cognition, 4, Article 1632885. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcogn.2025.1632885
     Uwaga
593. Kletenik, I., Ferguson, M. A., Bateman, J. R., Cohen, A. L., Lin, C., Tetreault, A., Pelak, V. S., Anderson, C. A., Prasad, S., Darby, R. R., & Fox, M. D. (2022). Network localization of unconscious visual perception in blindsight. Annals of Neurology, 91(2), 217-224. https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.26292
     Świadomość
594. Klimesch, W., Sauseng, P., & Hanslmayr, S. (2007). EEG alpha oscillations: The inhibition-timing hypothesis. Brain Research Reviews, 53(1), 63-88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainresrev.2006.06.003
     Fale mózgowe
595. Knickmeyer i wsp., J Neurosci 28:12176-12182 (2008) doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3479-08.2008 (n = 98, rezonans magnetyczny)
     Mózg w liczbach
596. Knutson, B., Wimmer, G. E., Rick, S., Hollon, N. G., Prelec, D., & Loewenstein, G. (2008). Neural antecedents of the endowment effect. Neuron, 58(5), 814-822. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2008.05.018 (24 osoby, fMRI, prawdziwe produkty; wzór zadania na tej stronie)
     Efekt posiadania
597. Koch, C., & Tsuchiya, N. (2007). Attention and consciousness: Two distinct brain processes. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 11(1), 16-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2006.10.012
     Świadomość
598. Koehler, J. J. (1996). The base rate fallacy reconsidered: Descriptive, normative, and methodological challenges. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 19(1), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X00041157 (artykuł dyskusyjny)
     Pomijanie częstości bazowej
599. Kohda, M., Hotta, T., Takeyama, T., Awata, S., Tanaka, H., Asai, J., & Jordan, A. L. (2019). If a fish can pass the mark test, what are the implications for consciousness and self-awareness testing in animals? PLoS Biology, 17(2), e3000021. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3000021
     Świadomość
600. Koivisto, M., & Revonsuo, A. (2003). An ERP study of change detection, change blindness, and visual awareness. Psychophysiology, 40(3), 423-429. https://doi.org/10.1111/1469-8986.00044 (EEG, 12 osób)
     Niewidzenie zmian
601. Koller, W. N., Ongchoco, J. D. K., Bronstein, M. V., Scholl, B. J., & Cannon, T. D. (2025). A “hyper-recency” bias in memory characterizes both psychoticism and déjà vu experiences. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 154(5), 1428-1444. https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0001754
     Déjà vu
602. Kondziella, D., Bender, A., Diserens, K., van Erp, W., Estraneo, A., Formisano, R., Laureys, S., Naccache, L., Ozturk, S., Rohaut, B., Sitt, J. D., Stender, J., Tiainen, M., Rossetti, A. O., Gosseries, O., Chatelle, C., & the EAN Panel on Coma, Disorders of Consciousness. (2020). European Academy of Neurology guideline on the diagnosis of coma and other disorders of consciousness. European Journal of Neurology, 27(5), 741-756. https://doi.org/10.1111/ene.14151
     Świadomość
603. Kordsmeyer, T. L., Freund, D., Ueshima, A., Kuroda, K., Kameda, T., & Penke, L. (2024). Halo effect of faces and bodies: Cross-cultural similarities and differences between German and Japanese observers. Personality Science, 5, Article 27000710241257814. https://doi.org/10.1177/27000710241257814
     Efekt aureoli
604. Korn, C. W., Prehn, K., Park, S. Q., Walter, H., & Heekeren, H. R. (2012). Positively biased processing of self-relevant social feedback. The Journal of Neuroscience, 32(47), 16832-16844. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3016-12.2012 (fMRI, 27 osób)
     Efekt Barnuma
605. Körner, R., Röseler, L., Schütz, A., & Bushman, B. J. (2022). Dominance and prestige: Meta-analytic review of experimentally induced body position effects on behavioral, self-report, and physiological dependent variables. Psychological Bulletin, 148(1-2), 67-85. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000356 (metaanaliza, 313 wyników)
     Pozy siły (power posing)
606. Koscik, T. R., & Tranel, D. (2013). Abnormal causal attribution leads to advantageous economic decision-making: A neuropsychological approach. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 25(8), 1372-1382. https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00398 (uszkodzenia mózgu)
     Podstawowy błąd atrybucji
607. Koubeissi, M. Z., Bartolomei, F., Beltagy, A., & Picard, F. (2014). Electrical stimulation of a small brain area reversibly disrupts consciousness. Epilepsy & Behavior, 37, 32-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2014.05.027
     Świadomość
608. Kouider, S., & Dehaene, S. (2007). Levels of processing during non-conscious perception: A critical review of visual masking. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 362(1481), 857-875. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2007.2093
     Świadomość
609. Kouider, S., Stahlhut, C., Gelskov, S. V., Barbosa, L. S., Dutat, M., de Gardelle, V., Christophe, A., Dehaene, S., & Dehaene-Lambertz, G. (2013). A neural marker of perceptual consciousness in infants. Science, 340(6130), 376-380. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1232509
     Świadomość
610. Koyama, T., McHaffie, J. G., Laurienti, P. J., & Coghill, R. C. (2005). The subjective experience of pain: Where expectations become reality. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 102(36), 12950-12955. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0408576102
     Ból
611. Kranton, R., Pease, M., Sanders, S., & Huettel, S. (2020). Deconstructing bias in social preferences reveals groupy and not-groupy behavior. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 117(35), 21185-21193. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1918952117 (141 osób)
     Faworyzowanie grupy własnej
612. Krause, A. J., Prather, A. A., Wager, T. D., Lindquist, M. A., & Walker, M. P. (2019). The pain of sleep loss: A brain characterization in humans. Journal of Neuroscience, 39(12), 2291-2300. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2408-18.2018
     Ból
613. Krebs, E. E., Gravely, A., Nugent, S., Jensen, A. C., DeRonne, B., Goldsmith, E. S., Kroenke, K., Bair, M. J., & Noorbaloochi, S. (2018). Effect of opioid vs nonopioid medications on pain-related function in patients with chronic back pain or hip or knee osteoarthritis pain: The SPACE randomized clinical trial. JAMA, 319(9), 872-882. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2018.0899
     Ból
614. Krendl, A. C., Richeson, J. A., Kelley, W. M., & Heatherton, T. F. (2008). The negative consequences of threat: A functional magnetic resonance imaging investigation of the neural mechanisms underlying women's underperformance in math. Psychological Science, 19(2), 168-175. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02063.x (fMRI, 28 studentek)
     Zagrożenie stereotypem
615. Krueger, J., & Clement, R. W. (1994). The truly false consensus effect: An ineradicable and egocentric bias in social perception. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67(4), 596-610. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.67.4.596 (122, 97 i 319 osób)
     Efekt fałszywej zgodności
616. Krueger, J., & Mueller, R. A. (2002). Unskilled, unaware, or both? The better-than-average heuristic and statistical regression predict errors in estimates of own performance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82(2), 180-188. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.82.2.180
     Efekt Dunninga-Krugera
617. Kruger, J., & Dunning, D. (1999). Unskilled and unaware of it: How difficulties in recognizing one's own incompetence lead to inflated self-assessments. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77(6), 1121-1134. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.77.6.1121 (cztery badania, 45-140 studentów)
     Efekt Dunninga-Krugera
618. Kruger, J., & Dunning, D. (2002). Unskilled and unaware - but why? A reply to Krueger and Mueller (2002). Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82(2), 189-192. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.82.2.189
     Efekt Dunninga-Krugera
619. Krull, D. S., Loy, M. H.-M., Lin, J., Wang, C.-F., Chen, S., & Zhao, X. (1999). The fundamental fundamental attribution error: Correspondence bias in individualist and collectivist cultures. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 25(10), 1208-1219. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167299258003 (USA, Tajwan, Hongkong)
     Podstawowy błąd atrybucji
620. Kruskal, W. H. (1958). Ordinal measures of association. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 53(284), 814-861. https://doi.org/10.1080/01621459.1958.10501481 (miara „na 100” dla korelacji)
     Test pianki Marshmallow
621. Kubota, J. T., Mojdehbakhsh, R., Raio, C., Brosch, T., Uleman, J. S., & Phelps, E. A. (2014). Stressing the person: Legal and everyday person attributions under stress. Biological Psychology, 103, 117-124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2014.07.020 (2 badania, 56 i 204 osoby)
     Podstawowy błąd atrybucji
622. Kühberger, A. (1998). The influence of framing on risky decisions: A meta-analysis. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 75(1), 23-55. https://doi.org/10.1006/obhd.1998.2781
     Efekt framingu
623. Kühberger, A. (2023). A systematic review of risky-choice framing effects. EXCLI Journal, 22, 1012-1031. https://doi.org/10.17179/excli2023-6169
     Efekt framingu
624. Kühn, A. A., Kupsch, A., Schneider, G.-H., & Brown, P. (2006). Reduction in subthalamic 8-35 Hz oscillatory activity correlates with clinical improvement in Parkinson's disease. European Journal of Neuroscience, 23(7), 1956-1960. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.2006.04717.x
     Fale mózgowe
625. Kunst-Wilson, W. R., & Zajonc, R. B. (1980). Affective discrimination of stimuli that cannot be recognized. Science, 207(4430), 557-558. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.7352271 (24 osoby)
     Efekt czystej ekspozycji
626. Kuper-Smith, B. J., Doppelhofer, L. M., Oganian, Y., Rosenblau, G., & Korn, C. W. (2021). Risk perception and optimism during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. Royal Society Open Science, 8(11), Article 210904. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.210904 (432 osoby)
     Nierealistyczny optymizm
627. Kurkela, K. A., & Dennis, N. A. (2016). Event-related fMRI studies of false memory: An Activation Likelihood Estimation meta-analysis. Neuropsychologia, 81, 149-167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.12.006 (metaanaliza)
     Fałszywe wspomnienia
628. Kurzban, R. (2010). Does the brain consume additional glucose during self-control tasks? Evolutionary Psychology, 8(2), 244-259. https://doi.org/10.1177/147470491000800208 (przegląd i ponowna analiza)
     Wyczerpanie ego
629. Kuzmanovic, B., & Rigoux, L. (2017). Valence-dependent belief updating: Computational validation. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, Article 1087. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01087 (27 osób)
     Nierealistyczny optymizm
630. Kuzmanovic, B., Rigoux, L., & Tittgemeyer, M. (2018). Influence of vmPFC on dmPFC predicts valence-guided belief formation. The Journal of Neuroscience, 38(37), 7996-8010. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0266-18.2018 (fMRI, 24 osoby)
     Nierealistyczny optymizm
631. Kwan, D., Craver, C. F., Green, L., Myerson, J., & Rosenbaum, R. S. (2013). Dissociations in future thinking following hippocampal damage: Evidence from discounting and time perspective in episodic amnesia. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 142(4), 1355-1369. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0034001
     Dyskontowanie odroczonych nagród
632. Kwan, D., Craver, C. F., Green, L., Myerson, J., Boyer, P., & Rosenbaum, R. S. (2012). Future decision-making without episodic mental time travel. Hippocampus, 22(6), 1215-1219. https://doi.org/10.1002/hipo.20981 (pacjent K.C.)
     Dyskontowanie odroczonych nagród
633. Kwan, V. S. Y., Barrios, V., Ganis, G., Gorman, J., Lange, C., Kumar, M., Shepard, A., & Keenan, J. P. (2007). Assessing the neural correlates of self-enhancement bias: A transcranial magnetic stimulation study. Experimental Brain Research, 182(3), 379-385. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-007-0992-2 (TMS, 12 osób)
     Efekt ślepej plamkiEfekt Barnuma
634. Labate, A., Cerasa, A., Mumoli, L., Ferlazzo, E., Aguglia, U., Quattrone, A., & Gambardella, A. (2015). Neuro-anatomical differences among epileptic and non-epileptic déjà-vu. Cortex, 64, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2014.09.020
     Déjà vu
635. Lacassagne, D., Béna, J., & Corneille, O. (2022). Is Earth a perfect square? Repetition increases the perceived truth of highly implausible statements. Cognition, 223, Article 105052. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2022.105052
     Efekt iluzorycznej prawdy
636. Lacinová, L., Neužilová Michalčáková, R., Širůček, J., Ježek, S., Chromec, J., Masopustová, Z., Urbánek, T., & Brázdil, M. (2016). Déjà Vu Experiences in Healthy Czech Adults. Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease, 204(12), 925-930. https://doi.org/10.1097/NMD.0000000000000573
     Déjà vu
637. Ladd, S. L., & Gabrieli, J. D. E. (2015). Trait and state anxiety reduce the mere exposure effect. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 701. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00701 (24 i 43 osoby)
     Efekt czystej ekspozycji
638. Lakhani, N. V., Souther, M. K., Boateng, B., & Kable, J. W. (2026). A meta-analysis of neural systems underlying delay discounting: Implications for transdiagnostic research. Imaging Neuroscience, 4, Article IMAG.a.1170. https://doi.org/10.1162/IMAG.a.1170 (80 badań fMRI)
     Dyskontowanie odroczonych nagród
639. Lamme, V. A. F. (2006). Towards a true neural stance on consciousness. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 10(11), 494-501. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2006.09.001
     Świadomość
640. Lancaster, J. L., Tordesillas-Gutiérrez, D., Martinez, M., Salinas, F., Evans, A., Zilles, K., Mazziotta, J. C., & Fox, P. T. (2007). Bias between MNI and Talairach coordinates analyzed using the ICBM-152 brain template. Human Brain Mapping, 28(11), 1194-1205. https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.20345 (przeliczenie współrzędnych w scenie)
     Efekt zakotwiczeniaEfekt pewnościEfekt posiadaniaHeurystyka dostępnościŚlepota pozauwagowaNiewidzenie zmianFałszywe wspomnieniaNierealistyczny optymizmZłudzenie planowaniaEfekt aureoliFaworyzowanie grupy własneji 5 innych stron
641. Łańcuchy przekaźników zebrano z opublikowanych prac znakujących, obrazowych i przeglądowych, a źródła każdego łańcucha podano przy nim. Obszary kory pochodzą z parcelacji HCP-MMP1 (Glasser i wsp., Nature 2016), struktury głębokie z Melbourne Subcortex Atlas (Tian i wsp., Nature Neuroscience 2020), a zmierzone pęczki z populacyjnego atlasu HCP1065 (Yeh 2022, NeuroImage).
     Mapa czuciowo-ruchowaObwody mózgu
642. Landy, D., & Sigall, H. (1974). Beauty is talent: Task evaluation as a function of the performer's physical attractiveness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 29(3), 299-304. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0036018
     Efekt aureoli
643. Langlois, J. H., Kalakanis, L., Rubenstein, A. J., Larson, A., Hallam, M., & Smoot, M. (2000). Maxims or myths of beauty? A meta-analytic and theoretical review. Psychological Bulletin, 126(3), 390-423. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.126.3.390 (11 metaanaliz)
     Efekt aureoli
644. Larche, C. J., Musielak, N., & Dixon, M. J. (2017). The Candy Crush sweet tooth: How ‘near-misses’ in Candy Crush increase frustration, and the urge to continue gameplay. Journal of Gambling Studies, 33(2), 599-615. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-016-9633-7
     Efekt prawie wygranej
645. Latty, T., & Beekman, M. (2011). Irrational decision-making in an amoeboid organism: Transitivity and context-dependent preferences. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 278(1703), 307-312. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2010.1045
     Efekt wabika
646. Lau, H., & Rosenthal, D. (2011). Empirical support for higher-order theories of conscious awareness. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 15(8), 365-373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2011.05.009
     Świadomość
647. Laureys, S. (2005). The neural correlate of (un)awareness: Lessons from the vegetative state. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 9(12), 556-559. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2005.10.010
     Świadomość
648. Laureys, S., Celesia, G. G., Cohadon, F., Lavrijsen, J., León-Carrión, J., Sannita, W. G., Sazbon, L., Schmutzhard, E., von Wild, K. R., Zeman, A., Dolce, G., & the European Task Force on Disorders of Consciousness. (2010). Unresponsive wakefulness syndrome: A new name for the vegetative state or apallic syndrome. BMC Medicine, 8, 68. https://doi.org/10.1186/1741-7015-8-68
     Świadomość
649. Laureys, S., Pellas, F., Van Eeckhout, P., Ghorbel, S., Schnakers, C., Perrin, F., Berré, J., Faymonville, M.-E., Pantke, K.-H., Damas, F., Lamy, M., Moonen, G., & Goldman, S. (2005). The locked-in syndrome: What is it like to be conscious but paralyzed and voiceless? Progress in Brain Research, 150, 495-511. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0079-6123(05)50034-7
     Świadomość
650. LeBoeuf, R. A., & Shafir, E. (2003). Deep thoughts and shallow frames: On the susceptibility to framing effects. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 16(2), 77-92. https://doi.org/10.1002/bdm.433 (badanie 1: 365 osób; badanie 2: 292 osoby)
     Efekt framingu
651. Lee, J.-J., Jo, S., Cho, S., & Woo, C.-W. (2026). Personalized brain decoding of spontaneous pain in individuals with chronic pain. Nature Neuroscience, 29(4), 957-963. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-026-02221-3
     Ból
652. Lee, S. W. S., & Schwarz, N. (2010). Dirty hands and dirty mouths: Embodiment of the moral-purity metaphor is specific to the motor modality involved in moral transgression. Psychological Science, 21(10), 1423-1425. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797610382788 (87 osób)
     Efekt Makbeta
653. Lenharo, M. (2023a, 20 września). Consciousness theory slammed as 'pseudoscience' - sparking uproar. Nature [News]. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-023-02971-1
     Świadomość
654. Lenharo, M. (2023b, 24 czerwca). Decades-long bet on consciousness ends - and it's philosopher 1, neuroscientist 0. Nature, 619, 14-15 [News]. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-023-02120-8
     Świadomość
655. Lennertz, R., Pryor, K. O., Raz, A., Parker, M., Bonhomme, V., Schuller, P., Schneider, G., Moore, M., Coburn, M., Root, J. C., … Sleigh, J., Gaskell, A., & Sanders, R. D. (2023). Connected consciousness after tracheal intubation in young adults: An international multicentre cohort study. British Journal of Anaesthesia, 130(2), e217-e224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bja.2022.04.010
     Świadomość
656. Lennie, P. (2003). The Cost of Cortical Computation. Current Biology, 13(6), 493-497. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0960-9822(03)00135-0
     UwagaMózg w liczbach
657. Leopold, D. A., & Logothetis, N. K. (1996). Activity changes in early visual cortex reflect monkeys' percepts during binocular rivalry. Nature, 379(6565), 549-553. https://doi.org/10.1038/379549a0
     Świadomość
658. Lerner, Y., Honey, C. J., Silbert, L. J., & Hasson, U. (2011). Topographic mapping of a hierarchy of temporal receptive windows using a narrated story. The Journal of Neuroscience, 31(8), 2906-2915. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3684-10.2011
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659. Leroy, S. (2009). Why is it so hard to do my work? The challenge of attention residue when switching between work tasks. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 109(2), 168-181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2009.04.002
     Uwaga
660. Levin, D. T., Momen, N., Drivdahl, S. B., & Simons, D. J. (2000). Change blindness blindness: The metacognitive error of overestimating change-detection ability. Visual Cognition, 7(1-3), 397-412. https://doi.org/10.1080/135062800394865 (prognozy 300 i 54 studentów)
     Niewidzenie zmian
661. Levin, I. P., & Gaeth, G. J. (1988). How consumers are affected by the framing of attribute information before and after consuming the product. Journal of Consumer Research, 15(3), 374-378. https://doi.org/10.1086/209174 (88 osób w analizie)
     Efekt framingu
662. Leyton, M., Boileau, I., Benkelfat, C., Diksic, M., Baker, G., & Dagher, A. (2002). Amphetamine-induced increases in extracellular dopamine, drug wanting, and novelty seeking: A PET/[11C]raclopride study in healthy men. Neuropsychopharmacology, 27(6), 1027-1035. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0893-133X(02)00366-4
     Dopamina
663. Li, D., Hawley, Z., & Schnier, K. (2013). Increasing organ donation via changes in the default choice or allocation rule. Journal of Health Economics, 32(6), 1117-1129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2013.09.007
     Efekt opcji domyślnej
664. Li, J., Yin, X., Li, D., Liu, X., Wang, G., & Qu, L. (2017). Controlling the anchoring effect through transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, Article 1079. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01079 (tDCS, 90 osób, 88 w analizie)
     Efekt zakotwiczenia
665. Libet, B., Gleason, C. A., Wright, E. W., & Pearl, D. K. (1983). Time of conscious intention to act in relation to onset of cerebral activity (readiness-potential): The unconscious initiation of a freely voluntary act. Brain, 106(3), 623-642. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/106.3.623
     Świadomość
666. Lieberman i wsp., Psychol Sci 18:421-428 (2007) doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01916.x (n = 30, fMRI)
     Mózg w liczbach
667. Liggins, J., Pihl, R. O., Benkelfat, C., & Leyton, M. (2012). The Dopamine Augmenter L-DOPA Does Not Affect Positive Mood in Healthy Human Volunteers. PLoS ONE, 7(1), e28370. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0028370
     Dopamina
668. Limakatso, K., Bedwell, G. J., Madden, V. J., & Parker, R. (2020). The prevalence and risk factors for phantom limb pain in people with amputations: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLOS ONE, 15(10), e0240431. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0240431
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669. Lin, H., Saunders, B., Hutcherson, C. A., & Inzlicht, M. (2018). Midfrontal theta and pupil dilation parametrically track subjective conflict (but also surprise) during intertemporal choice. NeuroImage, 172, 838-852. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.10.055 (EEG i pomiar źrenicy)
     Dyskontowanie odroczonych nagród
670. Lin, H., Savio, M. T., Huang, X., Steiger, M., Guevara, R. L., Szostak, D., Pennycook, G., & Rand, D. G. (2024). Accuracy prompts protect professional content moderators from the illusory truth effect. PNAS Nexus, 3(11), Article pgae481. https://doi.org/10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae481
     Efekt iluzorycznej prawdy
671. Lin, Y., & Feng, T. (2024). Lateralization of self-control over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in decision-making: A systematic review and meta-analytic evidence from noninvasive brain stimulation. Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, 24(1), 19-41. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13415-023-01148-7 (33 badania)
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672. Lindström, B., Bellander, M., Schultner, D. T., Chang, A., Tobler, P. N., & Amodio, D. M. (2021). A computational reward learning account of social media engagement. Nature Communications, 12(1), Article 1311. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-19607-x
     Dopamina
673. List, J. A. (2003). Does market experience eliminate market anomalies? The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 118(1), 41-71. https://doi.org/10.1162/00335530360535144
     Efekt posiadania
674. List, J. A., & Haigh, M. S. (2005). A simple test of expected utility theory using professional traders. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 102(3), 945-948. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0408022101 (54 traderów, 94 studentów)
     Efekt pewności
675. Little, S., Pogosyan, A., Neal, S., Zavala, B., Zrinzo, L., Hariz, M., Foltynie, T., Limousin, P., Ashkan, K., FitzGerald, J., Green, A. L., Aziz, T. Z., & Brown, P. (2013). Adaptive deep brain stimulation in advanced Parkinson disease. Annals of Neurology, 74(3), 449-457. https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.23951
     Fale mózgowe
676. Liu i wsp., MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 65:137-141 (2016) doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6506a1 (444 306 dorosłych z całych Stanów Zjednoczonych, ankieta telefoniczna)
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677. Logothetis, N. K. (1998). Single units and conscious vision. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, 353(1377), 1801-1818. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1998.0333
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678. Longo, M. R., Betti, V., Aglioti, S. M., & Haggard, P. (2009). Visually induced analgesia: Seeing the body reduces pain. The Journal of Neuroscience, 29(39), 12125-12130. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3072-09.2009
     Ból
679. Lopez-Persem, A., Domenech, P., & Pessiglione, M. (2016). How prior preferences determine decision-making frames and biases in the human brain. eLife, 5, Article e20317. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.20317 (fMRI, 24 osoby)
     Efekt opcji domyślnej
680. Lopez-Quintero, C., Pérez de los Cobos, J., Hasin, D. S., Okuda, M., Wang, S., Grant, B. F., & Blanco, C. (2011). Probability and predictors of transition from first use to dependence on nicotine, alcohol, cannabis, and cocaine: Results of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC). Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 115(1-2), 120-130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2010.11.004
     Dopamina
681. Luber, B., Lou, H. C., Keenan, J. P., & Lisanby, S. H. (2012). Self-enhancement processing in the default network: A single-pulse TMS study. Experimental Brain Research, 223(2), 177-187. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-012-3249-7 (TMS, 15 osób)
     Efekt ślepej plamki
682. Luck, S. J., & Vogel, E. K. (1997). The capacity of visual working memory for features and conjunctions. Nature, 390(6657), 279-281. https://doi.org/10.1038/36846
     UwagaMózg w liczbach
683. Lutz, A., Greischar, L. L., Rawlings, N. B., Ricard, M., & Davidson, R. J. (2004). Long-term meditators self-induce high-amplitude gamma synchrony during mental practice. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 101(46), 16369-16373. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0407401101
     Fale mózgowe
684. Ma S, Huang T, Qu Y, Chen X, Zhang Y, Zhen Z. An fMRI dataset for whole-body somatotopic mapping in humans. Sci Data 9, 515 (2022). doi:10.1038/s41597-022-01644-4 (dane)
     Mapa czuciowo-ruchowa
685. Ma, Q., Li, D., Shen, Q., & Qiu, W. (2015). Anchors as semantic primes in value construction: An EEG study of the anchoring effect. PLOS ONE, 10(10), Article e0139954. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0139954 (EEG, 24 osoby, 19 w analizie)
     Efekt zakotwiczenia
686. Macdonald, D. J., & Standing, L. G. (2002). Does self-serving bias cancel the Barnum effect? Social Behavior and Personality, 30(6), 625-630. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2002.30.6.625 (27 osób)
     Efekt Barnuma
687. Macefield, Gandevia i Burke, Brain 112:1519-1532 (1989) doi:10.1093/brain/112.6.1519
     Mózg w liczbach
688. Maciaszek, P. (2013). Fałszywe wspomnienia: jak to się dzieje, że umysł pamięta coś, czego nie było? Przegląd Filozoficzny - Nowa Seria, 22(2), 305-321. czasopisma.pan.pl (96 osób; wyniki grup z tabel na s. 317)
     Fałszywe wspomnienia
689. Madore, K. P., Khazenzon, A. M., Backes, C. W., Jiang, J., Uncapher, M. R., Norcia, A. M., & Wagner, A. D. (2020). Memory failure predicted by attention lapsing and media multitasking. Nature, 587(7832), 87-91. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2870-z
     Uwaga
690. Madrian, B. C., & Shea, D. F. (2001). The power of suggestion: Inertia in 401(k) participation and savings behavior. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 116(4), 1149-1187. https://doi.org/10.1162/003355301753265543 (także jako NBER Working Paper 7682, 2000, nber.org/papers/w7682)
     Efekt opcji domyślnej
691. Madsen, Holm, Herning i Lassen, J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 13:646-655 (1993) doi:10.1038/jcbfm.1993.83
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692. Maguire, E. A., Gadian, D. G., Johnsrude, I. S., Good, C. D., Ashburner, J., Frackowiak, R. S. J., & Frith, C. D. (2000). Navigation-related structural change in the hippocampi of taxi drivers. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 97(8), 4398-4403. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.070039597
     Od mikrosekund do dekad
693. Maguire, J. F., & Howe, P. D. L. (2016). Failure to detect meaning in RSVP at 27 ms per picture. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 78(5), 1405-1413. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13414-016-1096-5
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694. Mahoney, M. (2003, 13 stycznia). The subconscious mind of the consumer (and how to reach it). HBS Working Knowledge. https://www.library.hbs.edu/working-knowledge/the-subconscious-mind-of-the-consumer-and-how-to-reach-it
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695. Maier, M., Bartoš, F., Stanley, T. D., Shanks, D. R., Harris, A. J. L., & Wagenmakers, E.-J. (2022). No evidence for nudging after adjusting for publication bias. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 119(31), Article e2200300119. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2200300119
     Efekt opcji domyślnej
696. Mak, M. H. C., O'Hagan, A., Horner, A. J., & Gaskell, M. G. (2023). A registered report testing the effect of sleep on Deese-Roediger-McDermott false memory: Greater lure and veridical recall but fewer intrusions after sleep. Royal Society Open Science, 10(12), Article 220595. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.220595 (488 osób)
     Fałszywe wspomnienia
697. Mallatt, J., Blatt, M. R., Draguhn, A., Robinson, D. G., & Taiz, L. (2021). Debunking a myth: Plant consciousness. Protoplasma, 258(3), 459-476. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-020-01579-w
     Świadomość
698. Mancini, F., Beaumont, A.-L., Hu, L., Haggard, P., & Iannetti, G. D. (2015). Touch inhibits subcortical and cortical nociceptive responses. Pain, 156(10), 1936-1944. https://doi.org/10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000253
     Ból
699. Mancini, F., Longo, M. R., Kammers, M. P. M., & Haggard, P. (2011). Visual distortion of body size modulates pain perception. Psychological Science, 22(3), 325-330. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797611398496
     Ból
700. Mandel, D. R. (2014). Do framing effects reveal irrational choice? Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 143(3), 1185-1198. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0034207 (eksperyment 2: 228 osób; eksperyment 3: 147 osób)
     Efekt framingu
701. Mandel, D. R., Collins, R. N., Walker, A. C., Fugelsang, J. A., & Risko, E. F. (2022). Hypothesized drivers of the bias blind spot: Cognitive sophistication, introspection bias, and conversational processes. Judgment and Decision Making, 17(6), 1392-1421. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1930297500009475 (1057 osób)
     Efekt ślepej plamki
702. Maniadis, Z., Tufano, F., & List, J. A. (2014). One swallow doesn’t make a summer: New evidence on anchoring effects. American Economic Review, 104(1), 277-290. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.104.1.277
     Efekt zakotwiczenia
703. Manrai, A. K., Bhatia, G., Strymish, J., Kohane, I. S., & Jain, S. H. (2014). Medicine's uncomfortable relationship with math: Calculating positive predictive value. JAMA Internal Medicine, 174(6), 991-993. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2014.1059 (61 osób)
     Pomijanie częstości bazowej
704. Maoz, U., Yaffe, G., Koch, C., & Mudrik, L. (2019). Neural precursors of decisions that matter - an ERP study of deliberate and arbitrary choice. eLife, 8, e39787. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.39787
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705. Maquet, P., Dive, D., Salmon, E., Sadzot, B., Franco, G., Poirrier, R., von Frenckell, R., & Franck, G. (1990). Cerebral glucose utilization during sleep-wake cycle in man determined by positron emission tomography and [18F]2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose method. Brain Research, 513(1), 136-143. https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-8993(90)91099-3
     SenMózg w liczbach
706. Maquet, P., Péters, J. M., Aerts, J., Delfiore, G., Degueldre, C., Luxen, A., & Franck, G. (1996). Functional neuroanatomy of human rapid-eye-movement sleep and dreaming. Nature, 383(6596), 163-166. https://doi.org/10.1038/383163a0
     Sen
707. Maraz, A., Griffiths, M. D., & Demetrovics, Z. (2016). The prevalence of compulsive buying: A meta-analysis. Addiction, 111(3), 408-419. https://doi.org/10.1111/add.13223
     Dopamina
708. Marchant, N., Navarrete, G., de Gardelle, V., Silva, J. R., Sackur, J., & Reyes, G. (2025). Social cues for experimenter incompetence influence choice blindness. Consciousness and Cognition, 132, Article 103887. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2025.103887 (trzy eksperymenty)
     Ślepota wyboru
709. Margasiński, A. (2011). Popularna literatura samopomocowa a ryzyko efektu Barnuma i fałszywych autodiagnoz. Kultura i Edukacja, (3), 7-25. https://doi.org/10.15804/kie.2011.03.01 (polska nazwa efektu, analiza poradników)
     Efekt Barnuma
710. Maril, A., Wagner, A. D., & Schacter, D. L. (2001). On the tip of the tongue: An event-related fMRI study of semantic retrieval failure and cognitive conflict. Neuron, 31(4), 653-660. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0896-6273(01)00396-8
     Świadomość
711. Marini, M., & Paglieri, F. (2019). Decoy effects in intertemporal and probabilistic choices: The role of time pressure, immediacy, and certainty. Behavioural Processes, 162, 130-141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beproc.2019.03.002
     Efekt wabika
712. Marini, M., Boschetti, C., Gastaldi, S., Addessi, E., & Paglieri, F. (2023). Context-effect bias in capuchin monkeys (Sapajus spp.): Exploring decoy influences in a value-based food choice task. Animal Cognition, 26(2), 503-514. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10071-022-01670-0 (14 kapucynek)
     Efekt wabika
713. Mark, G., Gudith, D., & Klocke, U. (2008). The cost of interrupted work: More speed and stress. W Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (s. 107-110). ACM. https://doi.org/10.1145/1357054.1357072
     Uwaga
714. Mark, G., Iqbal, S. T., Czerwinski, M., Johns, P., & Sano, A. (2016). Neurotics can't focus: An in situ study of online multitasking in the workplace. W Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (s. 1739-1744). ACM. https://doi.org/10.1145/2858036.2858202
     UwagaMózg w liczbach
715. Marner, Nyengaard, Tang i Pakkenberg, J Comp Neurol 462:144-152 (2003) doi:10.1002/cne.10714 (n = 36, liczby znane z omówień pracy)
     Mózg w liczbach
716. Marois, R., & Ivanoff, J. (2005). Capacity limits of information processing in the brain. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 9(6), 296-305. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2005.04.010
     Uwaga
717. Marshall, P. J., Bar-Haim, Y., & Fox, N. A. (2002). Development of the EEG from 5 months to 4 years of age. Clinical Neurophysiology, 113(8), 1199-1208. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1388-2457(02)00163-3
     Fale mózgowe
718. Martin, C. B., Mirsattari, S. M., Pruessner, J. C., Burneo, J. G., Hayman-Abello, B., & Köhler, S. (2021). Relationship between déjà vu experiences and recognition-memory impairments in temporal-lobe epilepsy. Memory, 29(7), 884-894. https://doi.org/10.1080/09658211.2019.1643891
     Déjà vu
719. Martorell, A. J., Paulson, A. L., Suk, H.-J., Abdurrob, F., Drummond, G. T., Guan, W., Young, J. Z., Kim, D. N.-W., Kritskiy, O., Barker, S. J., Mangena, V., Prince, S. M., Brown, E. N., Chung, K., Boyden, E. S., Singer, A. C., & Tsai, L.-H. (2019). Multi-sensory gamma stimulation ameliorates Alzheimer's-associated pathology and improves cognition. Cell, 177(2), 256-271.e22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2019.02.014
     Fale mózgowe
720. Mashour, G. A. (2024). Anesthesia and the neurobiology of consciousness. Neuron, 112(10), 1553-1567. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2024.03.002
     Świadomość
721. Mashour, G. A., Roelfsema, P., Changeux, J.-P., & Dehaene, S. (2020). Conscious processing and the global neuronal workspace hypothesis. Neuron, 105(5), 776-798. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2020.01.026
     Świadomość
722. Massimini, M., Ferrarelli, F., Huber, R., Esser, S. K., Singh, H., & Tononi, G. (2005). Breakdown of cortical effective connectivity during sleep. Science, 309(5744), 2228-2232. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1117256
     Świadomość
723. Massimini, M., Huber, R., Ferrarelli, F., Hill, S., & Tononi, G. (2004). The sleep slow oscillation as a traveling wave. Journal of Neuroscience, 24(31), 6862-6870. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1318-04.2004
     Sen
724. Matsuda, W., Furuta, T., Nakamura, K. C., Hioki, H., Fujiyama, F., Arai, R., & Kaneko, T. (2009). Single Nigrostriatal Dopaminergic Neurons Form Widely Spread and Highly Dense Axonal Arborizations in the Neostriatum. The Journal of Neuroscience, 29(2), 444-453. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4029-08.2009
     Dopamina
725. Matsuyoshi, D., Ikeda, T., Sawamoto, N., Kakigi, R., Fukuyama, H., & Osaka, N. (2010). Task-irrelevant memory load induces inattentional blindness without temporo-parietal suppression. Neuropsychologia, 48(10), 3094-3101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2010.06.021 (obrazowanie mózgu)
     Ślepota pozauwagowa
726. Mattavelli, S., Béna, J., Corneille, O., & Unkelbach, C. (2024). People underestimate the influence of repetition on truth judgments (and more so for themselves than for others). Cognition, 242, Article 105651. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2023.105651 (463 osoby)
     Efekt ślepej plamki
727. Mattavelli, S., Bianchi, C., & Motterlini, M. (2026). "Questioning" the truth effect: Processing information in interrogative form reduces (but does not cancel) repetition-induced truth. Memory & Cognition, 54(1), 130-143. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-025-01742-9
     Efekt iluzorycznej prawdy
728. Maybin, S. (2017, 10 marca). Busting the attention span myth. BBC World Service. https://www.bbc.com/news/health-38896790
     Uwaga
729. Mayo Clinic Staff. (2025, 24 stycznia). Temporal lobe seizure: Symptoms and causes. Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/temporal-lobe-seizure/symptoms-causes/syc-20378214
     Déjà vu
730. Mazor, M., & Fleming, S. M. (2021). The Dunning-Kruger effect revisited. Nature Human Behaviour, 5(6), 677-678. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-021-01101-z (komentarz)
     Efekt Dunninga-Krugera
731. McAdams, C. J., & Maunsell, J. H. R. (1999). Effects of Attention on Orientation-Tuning Functions of Single Neurons in Macaque Cortical Area V4. The Journal of Neuroscience, 19(1), 431-441. https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.19-01-00431.1999
     Uwaga
732. McClure, S. M., Laibson, D. I., Loewenstein, G., & Cohen, J. D. (2004). Separate neural systems value immediate and delayed monetary rewards. Science, 306(5695), 503-507. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1100907
     Dyskontowanie odroczonych nagród
733. McDermott, L. A., Weir, G. A., Themistocleous, A. C., Segerdahl, A. R., Blesneac, I., Baskozos, G., Clark, A. J., Millar, V., Peck, L. J., Ebner, D., Tracey, I., Serra, J., & Bennett, D. L. (2019). Defining the functional role of NaV1.7 in human nociception. Neuron, 101(5), 905-919.e8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2019.01.047
     Ból
734. McDowell, M., & Jacobs, P. (2017). Meta-analysis of the effect of natural frequencies on Bayesian reasoning. Psychological Bulletin, 143(12), 1273-1312. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000126 (metaanaliza, 35 prac)
     Pomijanie częstości bazowej
735. McFarland, D. J., Miner, L. A., Vaughan, T. M., & Wolpaw, J. R. (2000). Mu and beta rhythm topographies during motor imagery and actual movements. Brain Topography, 12(3), 177-186. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023437823106
     Fale mózgowe
736. McGinty, J. C. (2017, 17 lutego). Is your attention span shorter than a goldfish's? The Wall Street Journal. https://www.wsj.com/articles/is-your-attention-span-shorter-than-a-goldfishs-1487340000
     Uwaga
737. McGraw, K. O., & Wong, S. P. (1992). A common language effect size statistic. Psychological Bulletin, 111(2), 361-365. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.111.2.361 (miara „na 100”)
     Wyczerpanie egoPozy siły (power posing)Efekt MakbetaMimiczne sprzężenie zwrotneZagrożenie stereotypem
738. McIntosh, R. D., Moore, A. B., Liu, Y., & Della Sala, S. (2022). Skill and self-knowledge: Empirical refutation of the dual-burden account of the Dunning-Kruger effect. Royal Society Open Science, 9(12), Article 191727. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.191727 (151 osób, plan zarejestrowany przed badaniem)
     Efekt Dunninga-Krugera
739. McKelvie, S. J. (1997). The availability heuristic: Effects of fame and gender on the estimated frequency of male and female names. The Journal of Social Psychology, 137(1), 63-78. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224549709595414
     Heurystyka dostępności
740. McKelvie, S. J., & Drumheller, A. (2001). The availability heuristic with famous names: A replication. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 92(2), 507-516. https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.2001.92.2.507 (195 osób)
     Heurystyka dostępności
741. McKenzie, C. R. M., Leong, L. M., & Sher, S. (2021). Default sensitivity in attempts at social influence. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 28(2), 695-702. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-020-01834-4
     Efekt opcji domyślnej
742. McKenzie, C. R. M., Liersch, M. J., & Yaniv, I. (2008). Overconfidence in interval estimates: What does expertise buy you? Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 107(2), 179-191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2008.02.007 (dwa eksperymenty)
     Nadmierna precyzja
743. McNeely-White, K. L., & Cleary, A. M. (2023). Piquing Curiosity: Déjà vu-Like States Are Associated with Feelings of Curiosity and Information-Seeking Behaviors. Journal of Intelligence, 11(6), Article 112. https://doi.org/10.3390/jintelligence11060112
     Déjà vu
744. McNeely-White, K. L., & Cleary, A. M. (2025). Illusory feelings of prediction during déjà entendu: An auditory analog to illusory feelings of prediction during déjà vu. Memory & Cognition, 53(8), 2375-2393. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-025-01716-x
     Déjà vu
745. McNeil, B. J., Pauker, S. G., Sox, H. C., Jr., & Tversky, A. (1982). On the elicitation of preferences for alternative therapies. New England Journal of Medicine, 306(21), 1259-1262. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM198205273062103 (238 pacjentów, 491 studentów, 424 lekarzy)
     Efekt framingu
746. Medeiros-Ward, N., Watson, J. M., & Strayer, D. L. (2015). On Supertaskers and the Neural Basis of Efficient Multitasking. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 22(3), 876-883. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-014-0713-3
     Uwaga
747. Medtronic. (2025a, 13 stycznia). Medtronic achieves CE Mark approval for BrainSense™ Adaptive deep brain stimulation and Electrode Identifier [Komunikat prasowy]. news.medtronic.com
     Fale mózgowe
748. Medtronic. (2025b, 24 lutego). Medtronic earns U.S. FDA approval for the world's first Adaptive deep brain stimulation system for people with Parkinson's [Komunikat prasowy]. news.medtronic.com
     Fale mózgowe
749. Mellers, B., Hertwig, R., & Kahneman, D. (2001). Do frequency representations eliminate conjunction effects? An exercise in adversarial collaboration. Psychological Science, 12(4), 269-275. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9280.00350 (wyniki według tabeli w pracy Chandrashekara i in., 2021)
     Błąd koniunkcji
750. Melzack, R., & Wall, P. D. (1965). Pain mechanisms: A new theory. Science, 150(3699), 971-979. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.150.3699.971
     Ból
751. Mendell, L. M. (2014). Constructing and deconstructing the gate theory of pain. Pain, 155(2), 210-216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2013.12.010
     Ból
752. Meng, S.-Q., Cheng, J.-L., Li, Y.-Y., Yang, X.-Q., Zheng, J.-W., Chang, X.-W., Shi, Y., Chen, Y., Lu, L., Sun, Y., Bao, Y.-P., & Shi, J. (2022). Global prevalence of digital addiction in general population: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 92, Article 102128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2022.102128
     Dopamina
753. Merritt, C. C., MacCormack, J. K., Stein, A. G., Lindquist, K. A., & Muscatell, K. A. (2021). The neural underpinnings of intergroup social cognition: An fMRI meta-analysis. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 16(9), 903-914. https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsab034 (metaanaliza, 50 prac)
     Faworyzowanie grupy własnej
754. Mertens, S., Herberz, M., Hahnel, U. J. J., & Brosch, T. (2022). The effectiveness of nudging: A meta-analysis of choice architecture interventions across behavioral domains. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 119(1), Article e2107346118. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2107346118
     Efekt opcji domyślnej
755. Miao, A., Luo, T., Hsieh, B., Edge, C. J., Gridley, M., Wong, R. T. C., Constandinou, T. G., Wisden, W., & Franks, N. P. (2024). Brain clearance is reduced during sleep and anesthesia. Nature Neuroscience, 27(6), 1046-1050. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-024-01638-y (sprostowanie autorów: Nature Neuroscience, 27(7), 1425, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-024-01698-0)
     Sen
756. Michaelson, L. E., & Munakata, Y. (2020). Same data set, different conclusions: Preschool delay of gratification predicts later behavioral outcomes in a preregistered study. Psychological Science, 31(2), 193-201. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797619896270 (ponowna analiza danych NICHD)
     Test pianki Marshmallow
757. Michel, C. M., & Brunet, D. (2019). EEG source imaging: A practical review of the analysis steps. Frontiers in Neurology, 10, 325. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2019.00325
     Fale mózgowe
758. MICrONS Consortium, Nature 640:435-447 (2025) doi:10.1038/s41586-025-08790-w (mysz, objętość ok. 1,3 × 0,87 × 0,82 mm)
     Mózg w liczbach
759. Microsoft Canada. (2015). Attention spans (Consumer Insights). Microsoft Canada.
     Uwaga
760. Miller, D. J., Duka, T., Stimpson, C. D., Schapiro, S. J., Baze, W. B., McArthur, M. J., Fobbs, A. J., Sousa, A. M. M., Šestan, N., Wildman, D. E., Lipovich, L., Kuzawa, C. W., Hof, P. R., & Sherwood, C. C. (2012). Prolonged myelination in human neocortical evolution. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 109(41), 16480-16485. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1117943109
     Od mikrosekund do dekad
761. Miller, G. A. (1956). The magical number seven, plus or minus two: Some limits on our capacity for processing information. Psychological Review, 63(2), 81-97. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0043158
     Od mikrosekund do dekad
762. Miller, J. B., & Sanjurjo, A. (2018). Surprised by the hot hand fallacy? A truth in the law of small numbers. Econometrica, 86(6), 2019-2047. https://doi.org/10.3982/ECTA14943
     Złudzenie gracza i gorąca ręka
763. Millroth, P., Nilsson, H., & Juslin, P. (2019). The decision paradoxes motivating prospect theory: The prevalence of the paradoxes increases with numerical ability. Judgment and Decision Making, 14(4), 513-533. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1930297500006161 (346 osób odpowiadających na wszystkie pytania i 1287 osób po jednym pytaniu)
     Efekt pewności
764. Misch, A., Paulus, M., & Dunham, Y. (2021). Anticipation of future cooperation eliminates minimal ingroup bias in children and adults. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 150(10), 2036-2056. https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0000899 (pięć eksperymentów, 465 osób)
     Faworyzowanie grupy własnej
765. Mischel, W., Ebbesen, E. B., & Zeiss, A. R. (1972). Cognitive and attentional mechanisms in delay of gratification. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 21(2), 204-218. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0032198 (trzy eksperymenty, 50, 26 i 16 dzieci)
     Test pianki Marshmallow
766. Mischel, W., Shoda, Y., & Peake, P. K. (1988). The nature of adolescent competencies predicted by preschool delay of gratification. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(4), 687-696. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.54.4.687 (oceny rodziców 95 nastolatków)
     Test pianki Marshmallow
767. Mišić, M., Lee, N., Zidda, F., Sohn, K., Usai, K., Löffler, M., Uddin, M. N., Farooqi, A., Schifitto, G., Zhang, Z., Nees, F., Geha, P., & Flor, H. (2024). A multisite validation of brain white matter pathways of resilience to chronic back pain. eLife, 13, RP96312. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.96312
     Ból
768. Mita, T. H., Dermer, M., & Knight, J. (1977). Reversed facial images and the mere-exposure hypothesis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 35(8), 597-601. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.35.8.597 (33 i 28 par)
     Efekt czystej ekspozycjiMózg w liczbach
769. Mitchell, J. F., Sundberg, K. A., & Reynolds, J. H. (2009). Spatial Attention Decorrelates Intrinsic Activity Fluctuations in Macaque Area V4. Neuron, 63(6), 879-888. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2009.09.013
     Uwaga
770. Mitchell, J. P., Dodson, C. S., & Schacter, D. L. (2005). fMRI evidence for the role of recollection in suppressing misattribution errors: The illusory truth effect. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 17(5), 800-810. https://doi.org/10.1162/0898929053747595 (fMRI, 12 osób)
     Efekt iluzorycznej prawdy
771. Miyamoto, Y., & Kitayama, S. (2002). Cultural variation in correspondence bias: The critical role of attitude diagnosticity of socially constrained behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83(5), 1239-1248. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.83.5.1239 (Japonia i Amerykanie w Japonii)
     Podstawowy błąd atrybucji
772. Mohammadian, M., Efthimiou, N., Brusaferri, L., Cooper-Hohn, J., Kim, M., Murphy, J. P., Alshelh, Z., Grmek, G., Schnieders, J. H., Chane, C. A., Carmichael, T. G., Yang, D., Catana, C., Stufflebeam, S. M., Edwards, R. R., Napadow, V., Sullivan, K., Nahrendorf, M., Gilman, J. M., & Loggia, M. L. (2025). Evidence for a role of skull bone marrow in human chronic pain as revealed by TSPO PET imaging [Preprint]. medRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.07.19.25331817
     Ból
773. Mohebi, A., Pettibone, J. R., Hamid, A. A., Wong, J.-M. T., Vinson, L. T., Patriarchi, T., Tian, L., Kennedy, R. T., & Berke, J. D. (2019). Dissociable dopamine dynamics for learning and motivation. Nature, 570(7759), 65-70. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1235-y
     Dopamina
774. Mohr, P. N. C., Heekeren, H. R., & Rieskamp, J. (2017). Attraction effect in risky choice can be explained by subjective distance between choice alternatives. Scientific Reports, 7(1), Article 8942. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-06968-5 (fMRI, 18 osób)
     Efekt wabika
775. Mok, J. N. Y., Green, L., Myerson, J., Kwan, D., Kurczek, J., Ciaramelli, E., Craver, C. F., & Rosenbaum, R. S. (2021). Does ventromedial prefrontal cortex damage really increase impulsiveness? Delay and probability discounting in patients with focal lesions. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 33(9), 1909-1927. https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01721 (8 osób z uszkodzeniem vmPFC, 10 z uszkodzeniem płata skroniowego przyśrodkowego, 30 zdrowych)
     Dyskontowanie odroczonych nagród
776. Molden, D. C., Hui, C. M., Scholer, A. A., Meier, B. P., Noreen, E. E., D'Agostino, P. R., & Martin, V. (2012). Motivational versus metabolic effects of carbohydrates on self-control. Psychological Science, 23(10), 1137-1144. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797612439069 (cztery eksperymenty)
     Wyczerpanie ego
777. Molenberghs, P., Trautwein, F.-M., Böckler, A., Singer, T., & Kanske, P. (2016). Neural correlates of metacognitive ability and of feeling confident: A large-scale fMRI study. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 11(12), 1942-1951. https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsw093 (fMRI, 308 osób w analizie)
     Nadmierna precyzja
778. Monsell, S. (2003). Task switching. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 7(3), 134-140. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1364-6613(03)00028-7
     Uwaga
779. Monti, M. M., Vanhaudenhuyse, A., Coleman, M. R., Boly, M., Pickard, J. D., Tshibanda, L., Owen, A. M., & Laureys, S. (2010). Willful modulation of brain activity in disorders of consciousness. New England Journal of Medicine, 362(7), 579-589. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa0905370
     Świadomość
780. Montoya, R. M., Horton, R. S., Vevea, J. L., Citkowicz, M., & Lauber, E. A. (2017). A re-examination of the mere exposure effect: The influence of repeated exposure on recognition, familiarity, and liking. Psychological Bulletin, 143(5), 459-498. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000085 (metaanaliza, 268 krzywych z 81 artykułów)
     Efekt czystej ekspozycjiMózg w liczbach
781. Moore, D. A. (2023). Overprecision is a property of thinking systems. Psychological Review, 130(5), 1339-1350. https://doi.org/10.1037/rev0000370 (teoria i dwa badania)
     Nadmierna precyzja
782. Moore, D. A., & Healy, P. J. (2008). The trouble with overconfidence. Psychological Review, 115(2), 502-517. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.115.2.502 (trzy odmiany nadmiernej pewności)
     Nadmierna precyzja
783. Moore, D. A., Tenney, E. R., & Haran, U. (2015). Overprecision in judgment. W G. Keren & G. Wu (Red.), The Wiley Blackwell handbook of judgment and decision making (s. 182-209). Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118468333.ch6 (przegląd)
     Nadmierna precyzja
784. Moore, T., & Armstrong, K. M. (2003). Selective gating of visual signals by microstimulation of frontal cortex. Nature, 421(6921), 370-373. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01341
     Uwaga
785. Moore, T., & Fallah, M. (2001). Control of eye movements and spatial attention. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 98(3), 1273-1276. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.98.3.1273
     Uwaga
786. Moore, T., & Zirnsak, M. (2017). Neural Mechanisms of Selective Visual Attention. Annual Review of Psychology, 68(1), 47-72. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-122414-033400
     Uwaga
787. Moran, J. M., Jolly, E., & Mitchell, J. P. (2014). Spontaneous mentalizing predicts the fundamental attribution error. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 26(3), 569-576. https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00513 (fMRI, 16 osób)
     Podstawowy błąd atrybucji
788. Moran, J., & Desimone, R. (1985). Selective Attention Gates Visual Processing in the Extrastriate Cortex. Science, 229(4715), 782-784. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.4023713
     Uwaga
789. Moray, N. (1959). Attention in Dichotic Listening: Affective Cues and the Influence of Instructions. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 11(1), 56-60. https://doi.org/10.1080/17470215908416289
     Uwaga
790. Moreland, R. L., & Beach, S. R. (1992). Exposure effects in the classroom: The development of affinity among students. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 28(3), 255-276. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1031(92)90055-O (130 studentów oceniało 4 kobiety)
     Efekt czystej ekspozycji
791. Moreno-Jiménez, E. P., Flor-García, M., Terreros-Roncal, J., Rábano, A., Cafini, F., Pallas-Bazarra, N., Ávila, J., & Llorens-Martín, M. (2019). Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is abundant in neurologically healthy subjects and drops sharply in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Nature Medicine, 25(4), 554-560. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-019-0375-9
     Od mikrosekund do dekadMózg w liczbach
792. Morewedge, C. K., & Giblin, C. E. (2015). Explanations of the endowment effect: An integrative review. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 19(6), 339-348. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2015.04.004 (przegląd wyjaśnień efektu)
     Efekt posiadania
793. Moro, A. S., Saccenti, D., Ferro, M., Scaini, S., Malgaroli, A., & Lamanna, J. (2023). Neural correlates of delay discounting in the light of brain imaging and non-invasive brain stimulation: What we know and what is missed. Brain Sciences, 13(3), Article 403. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13030403
     Dyskontowanie odroczonych nagród
794. Most, S. B., Simons, D. J., Scholl, B. J., Jimenez, R., Clifford, E., & Chabris, C. F. (2001). How not to be seen: The contribution of similarity and selective ignoring to sustained inattentional blindness. Psychological Science, 12(1), 9-17. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9280.00303 (3 eksperymenty)
     Ślepota pozauwagowa
795. Moulin, C. J. A., Bell, N., Turunen, M., Baharin, A., & O’Connor, A. R. (2021). The the the the induction of jamais vu in the laboratory: word alienation and semantic satiation. Memory, 29(7), 933-942. https://doi.org/10.1080/09658211.2020.1727519
     Déjà vu
796. Mrkva, K., & Van Boven, L. (2020). Salience theory of mere exposure: Relative exposure increases liking, extremity, and emotional intensity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 118(6), 1118-1145. https://doi.org/10.1037/pspa0000184 (pięć eksperymentów; dane: OSF)
     Efekt czystej ekspozycji
797. Mrkva, K., Johnson, E. J., Gächter, S., & Herrmann, A. (2020). Moderating loss aversion: Loss aversion has moderators, but reports of its death are greatly exaggerated. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 30(3), 407-428. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcpy.1156 (pięć prób, 17 720 osób)
     Awersja do strat
798. Mudrik, L., Boly, M., Dehaene, S., Fleming, S. M., Lamme, V., Seth, A., & Melloni, L. (2025). Unpacking the complexities of consciousness: Theories and reflections. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 170, 106053. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2025.106053
     Świadomość
799. Mullen, B., & Johnson, C. (1990). Distinctiveness-based illusory correlations and stereotyping: A meta-analytic integration. British Journal of Social Psychology, 29(1), 11-28. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8309.1990.tb00883.x (metaanaliza, 23 badania z 14 artykułów)
     Iluzoryczna korelacja
800. Mullen, B., Atkins, J. L., Champion, D. S., Edwards, C., Hardy, D., Story, J. E., & Vanderklok, M. (1985). The false consensus effect: A meta-analysis of 115 hypothesis tests. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 21(3), 262-283. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1031(85)90020-4 (metaanaliza)
     Efekt fałszywej zgodności
801. Muller, A., Sirianni, L. A., & Addante, R. J. (2021). Neural correlates of the Dunning-Kruger effect. European Journal of Neuroscience, 53(2), 460-484. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.14935 (EEG, 54 osoby)
     Efekt Dunninga-Krugera
802. Mumoli, L., Tripepi, G., Aguglia, U., Augimeri, A., Baggetta, R., Bisulli, F., Bruni, A., Cavalli, S., D’Aniello, A., Daniele, O., Di Bonaventura, C., Di Gennaro, G., Fattouch, J., Ferlazzo, E., Ferrari, A., Giallonardo, A., Gasparini, S., Nigro, S., Romigi, A., . . . Labate, A. (2017). Validation Study of Italian Version of Inventory for Déjà Vu Experiences Assessment (I-IDEA): A Screening Tool to Detect Déjà Vu Phenomenon in Italian Healthy Individuals. Behavioral Sciences, 7(3), Article 50. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs7030050
     Déjà vuMózg w liczbach
803. Murdock, M. H., Yang, C.-Y., Sun, N., Pao, P.-C., Blanco-Duque, C., Kahn, M. C., Kim, T., Lavoie, N. S., Victor, M. B., Islam, M. R., Galiana, F., Leary, N., Wang, S., Bubnys, A., Ma, E., Akay, L. A., Sneve, M., Qian, Y., Lai, C., … Tsai, L.-H. (2024). Multisensory gamma stimulation promotes glymphatic clearance of amyloid. Nature, 627(8002), 149-156. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07132-6
     Fale mózgowe
804. Murphy, K. R., Jako, R. A., & Anhalt, R. L. (1993). Nature and consequences of halo error: A critical analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78(2), 218-225. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.78.2.218
     Efekt aureoli
805. Murphy, R. A., Schmeer, S., Vallée-Tourangeau, F., Mondragón, E., & Hilton, D. (2011). Making the illusory correlation effect appear and then disappear: The effects of increased learning. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 64(1), 24-40. https://doi.org/10.1080/17470218.2010.493615 (dwa eksperymenty)
     Iluzoryczna korelacja
806. Murray, J. D., Bernacchia, A., Freedman, D. J., Romo, R., Wallis, J. D., Cai, X., Padoa-Schioppa, C., Pasternak, T., Seo, H., Lee, D., & Wang, X.-J. (2014). A hierarchy of intrinsic timescales across primate cortex. Nature Neuroscience, 17(12), 1661-1663. https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.3862
     Od mikrosekund do dekad
807. Murre, J. M. J., & Dros, J. (2015). Replication and analysis of Ebbinghaus’ forgetting curve. PLoS ONE, 10(7), e0120644. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0120644
     Od mikrosekund do dekad
808. Mussweiler, T., Strack, F., & Pfeiffer, T. (2000). Overcoming the inevitable anchoring effect: Considering the opposite compensates for selective accessibility. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26(9), 1142-1150. https://doi.org/10.1177/01461672002611010
     Efekt zakotwiczenia
809. Naccache, L., Sergent, C., Dehaene, S., Wang, X.-J., Farisco, M., & Changeux, J.-P. (2025). GNW theoretical framework and the „adversarial testing of global neuronal workspace and integrated information theories of consciousness”. Neuroscience of Consciousness, 2025(1), niaf037. https://doi.org/10.1093/nc/niaf037
     Świadomość
810. Nadarevic, L., & Aßfalg, A. (2017). Unveiling the truth: Warnings reduce the repetition-based truth effect. Psychological Research, 81(4), 814-826. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-016-0777-y
     Efekt iluzorycznej prawdy
811. Nagel, T. (1974). What is it like to be a bat? The Philosophical Review, 83(4), 435-450. https://doi.org/10.2307/2183914
     Świadomość
812. Najdenovska E, Aleman-Gomez Y, Battistella G, Descoteaux M, Hagmann P, Jacquemont S, Maeder P, Thiran J-P, Fornari E, Bach Cuadra M. In-vivo probabilistic atlas of human thalamic nuclei based on diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging. Scientific Data 5:180270 (2018). (dane)
     Struktury głębokie
813. Najdenovska, E., Alemán-Gómez, Y., Battistella, G., Descoteaux, M., Hagmann, P., Jacquemont, S., Maeder, P., Thiran, J.-P., Fornari, E., & Bach Cuadra, M. (2018). In-vivo probabilistic atlas of human thalamic nuclei based on diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. Scientific Data, 5(1), Article 180270. https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2018.270
     UwagaŚwiadomość
814. Nartker, M., Firestone, C., Egeth, H., & Phillips, I. (2025). Sensitivity to visual features in inattentional blindness. eLife, 13, Article RP100337. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.100337 (5 badań z planem zarejestrowanym przed badaniem)
     Ślepota pozauwagowa
815. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. (2021). The emerging field of human neural organoids, transplants, and chimeras: Science, ethics, and governance. The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/26078
     Świadomość
816. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. (2021). Chronic pain (primary and secondary) in over 16s: Assessment of all chronic pain and management of chronic primary pain (NICE guideline NG193). https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng193
     Ból
817. Negrini, M., Riedl, A., & Wibral, M. (2022). Sunk cost in investment decisions. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 200, 1105-1135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2022.06.028
     Efekt utopionych kosztów
818. Neurofeedback Collaborative Group. (2021). Double-blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial of neurofeedback for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder with 13-month follow-up. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 60(7), 841-855. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2020.07.906
     Fale mózgowe
819. Newell, B. R., & Shanks, D. R. (2014). Unconscious influences on decision making: A critical review. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 37(1), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X12003214
     Świadomość
820. Ngo, H. V., Martinetz, T., Born, J., & Mölle, M. (2013). Auditory closed-loop stimulation of the sleep slow oscillation enhances memory. Neuron, 78(3), 545-553. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2013.03.006
     Sen
821. Nguyen, H.-H. D., & Ryan, A. M. (2008). Does stereotype threat affect test performance of minorities and women? A meta-analysis of experimental evidence. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93(6), 1314-1334. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0012702 (metaanaliza)
     Zagrożenie stereotypem
822. Nicolle, A., Fleming, S. M., Bach, D. R., Driver, J., & Dolan, R. J. (2011). A regret-induced status quo bias. The Journal of Neuroscience, 31(9), 3320-3327. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5615-10.2011 (fMRI, 17 osób)
     Efekt opcji domyślnej
823. Nieder, A., Wagener, L., & Rinnert, P. (2020). A neural correlate of sensory consciousness in a corvid bird. Science, 369(6511), 1626-1629. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abb1447
     Świadomość
824. Nielsen i wsp., PLoS One 8:e71275 (2013) doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0071275 (n = 1011, wiek 7-29 lat)
     Mózg w liczbach
825. Nielson, K. A., Seidenberg, M., Woodard, J. L., Durgerian, S., Zhang, Q., Gross, W. L., Gander, A., Guidotti, L. M., Antuono, P., & Rao, S. M. (2010). Common neural systems associated with the recognition of famous faces and names: An event-related fMRI study. Brain and Cognition, 72(3), 491-498. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandc.2010.01.006 (fMRI, 17 osób)
     Heurystyka dostępności
826. Nigro, S., Cavalli, S. M., Cerasa, A., Riccelli, R., Fortunato, F., Bianco, M. G., Martino, I., Chiriaco, C., Vaccaro, M. G., Quattrone, A., Gambardella, A., & Labate, A. (2019). Functional activity changes in memory and emotional systems of healthy subjects with déjà vu. Epilepsy & Behavior, 97, 8-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2019.05.018
     Déjà vu
827. Nir, Y., Andrillon, T., Marmelshtein, A., Suthana, N., Cirelli, C., Tononi, G., & Fried, I. (2017). Selective neuronal lapses precede human cognitive lapses following sleep deprivation. Nature Medicine, 23(12), 1474-1480. https://doi.org/10.1038/nm.4433
     Sen
828. Nisbett, R. E., & Wilson, T. D. (1977). The halo effect: Evidence for unconscious alteration of judgments. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 35(4), 250-256. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.35.4.250 (118 studentów)
     Efekt aureoli
829. Niszczota, P., Pawlak, M., & Białek, M. (2022). Bilinguals are less susceptible to the bias blind spot in their second language. International Journal of Bilingualism, 27(5), 569-585. https://doi.org/10.1177/13670069221110383 (osoby z Polski)
     Efekt ślepej plamki
830. Noah, T., Schul, Y., & Mayo, R. (2018). When both the original study and its failed replication are correct: Feeling observed eliminates the facial-feedback effect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 114(5), 657-664. https://doi.org/10.1037/pspa0000121 (166 osób w analizie)
     Mimiczne sprzężenie zwrotne
831. Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institutet. The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2014: cells that constitute a positioning system in the brain. (dane)
     Struktury głębokie
832. Nobel Prize Outreach. (2000, 9 października). The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2000: Press release. NobelPrize.org. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2000/press-release/
     Dopamina
833. Nobre, A. de P., de Melo, G. M., & Shanks, D. R. (2022). Publication bias casts doubt on implicit processing in inattentional blindness. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 140, Article 104775. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104775 (ponowna analiza dwóch metaanaliz)
     Ślepota pozauwagowa
834. Nobre, A. de P., de Melo, G. M., Gauer, G., & Wagemans, J. (2020). Implicit processing during inattentional blindness: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 119, 355-375. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.10.005 (metaanaliza, 59 eksperymentów)
     Ślepota pozauwagowa
835. Norman, A., Conduit, R., Laycock, R., & Robinson, S. (2026). Alternate Forms Flicker Task Image Database (wersja 2) [Zbiór danych]. RMIT University. https://doi.org/10.25439/rmt.28529984.v2 (zdjęcia w zadaniu, licencja CC BY 4.0)
     Niewidzenie zmian
836. Norman, A., Conduit, R., Laycock, R., & Robinson, S. R. (2026). Subdomains of executive function correlate with accuracy on a change detection task. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 33(5), Article 171. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-026-02937-0 (260 osób)
     Niewidzenie zmian
837. Nuhfer, E., Cogan, C., Fleisher, S., Gaze, E., & Wirth, K. (2016). Random number simulations reveal how random noise affects the measurements and graphical portrayals of self-assessed competency. Numeracy, 9(1), Article 4. https://doi.org/10.5038/1936-4660.9.1.4 (1154 osoby)
     Efekt Dunninga-Krugera
838. Nuhfer, E., Fleisher, S., Cogan, C., Wirth, K., & Gaze, E. (2017). How random noise and a graphical convention subverted behavioral scientists' explanations of self-assessment data: Numeracy underlies better alternatives. Numeracy, 10(1), Article 4. https://doi.org/10.5038/1936-4660.10.1.4
     Efekt Dunninga-Krugera
839. Nummenmaa i wsp., PNAS 111:646-651 (2014) doi:10.1073/pnas.1321664111 (pięć eksperymentów, próby z Europy Zachodniej i Azji Wschodniej)
     Mózg w liczbach
840. Nutt, D. J., Lingford-Hughes, A., Erritzoe, D., & Stokes, P. R. A. (2015). The dopamine theory of addiction: 40 years of highs and lows. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 16(5), 305-312. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn3939
     Dopamina
841. O'Brien i Sampson, J Lipid Res 6:537-544 (1965) doi:10.1016/s0022-2275(20)39619-x (analiza chemiczna tkanki pośmiertnej)
     Mózg w liczbach
842. Odegaard, B., Knight, R. T., & Lau, H. (2017). Should a few null findings falsify prefrontal theories of conscious perception? Journal of Neuroscience, 37(40), 9593-9602. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3217-16.2017
     Świadomość
843. Oganian, Y., Korn, C. W., & Heekeren, H. R. (2016). Language switching-but not foreign language use per se-reduces the framing effect. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 42(1), 140-148. https://doi.org/10.1037/xlm0000161
     Efekt framingu
844. Ohayon, M. M., Carskadon, M. A., Guilleminault, C., & Vitiello, M. V. (2004). Meta-analysis of quantitative sleep parameters from childhood to old age in healthy individuals: Developing normative sleep values across the human lifespan. Sleep, 27(7), 1255-1273. https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/27.7.1255
     Sen
845. Ojala, K. E., Janssen, L. K., Hashemi, M. M., Timmer, M. H. M., Geurts, D. E. M., ter Huurne, N. P., Cools, R., & Sescousse, G. (2018). Dopaminergic drug effects on probability weighting during risky decision making. eNeuro, 5(2), Article ENEURO.0330-18.2018. https://doi.org/10.1523/ENEURO.0330-18.2018 (37 mężczyzn, sulpiryd albo placebo)
     Efekt pewności
846. Olds, J. (1956). Pleasure Centers in the Brain. Scientific American, 195(4), 105-117. https://doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican1056-105
     Dopamina
847. Olds, J., & Milner, P. (1954). Positive reinforcement produced by electrical stimulation of septal area and other regions of rat brain. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 47(6), 419-427. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0058775
     Dopamina
848. Ophir, E., Nass, C., & Wagner, A. D. (2009). Cognitive control in media multitaskers. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106(37), 15583-15587. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0903620106
     Uwaga
849. Opis zbioru nie wymienia autorów, więc nie ma pracy do zacytowania ani osób, które można wskazać z nazwiska. Zbiór jest na licencji CC0, a uznanie należy się NYU CBI. (dane)
     Mapa widzenia
850. Oros-Peusquens i wsp., Front Neurol 10:1333 (2019) doi:10.3389/fneur.2019.01333 (rezonans magnetyczny)
     Mózg w liczbach
851. Ossipov, M. H., Morimura, K., & Porreca, F. (2014). Descending pain modulation and chronification of pain. Current Opinion in Supportive and Palliative Care, 8(2), 143-151. https://doi.org/10.1097/SPC.0000000000000055
     Ból
852. Ott, T., Masset, P., Gouvêa, T. S., & Kepecs, A. (2022). Apparent sunk cost effect in rational agents. Science Advances, 8(6), Article eabi7004. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abi7004
     Efekt utopionych kosztów
853. Otten, S. (2016). The Minimal Group Paradigm and its maximal impact in research on social categorization. Current Opinion in Psychology, 11, 85-89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2016.06.010 (przegląd)
     Faworyzowanie grupy własnej
854. Owen, A. M., Coleman, M. R., Boly, M., Davis, M. H., Laureys, S., & Pickard, J. D. (2006). Detecting awareness in the vegetative state. Science, 313(5792), 1402. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1130197
     Świadomość
855. Owen, A. M., Coleman, M. R., Boly, M., Davis, M. H., Laureys, S., & Pickard, J. D. (2007). Using functional magnetic resonance imaging to detect covert awareness in the vegetative state. Archives of Neurology, 64(8), 1098-1102. https://doi.org/10.1001/archneur.64.8.1098
     Świadomość
856. O’Connor, A. R., & Moulin, C. J. A. (2013). Déjà vu experiences in healthy subjects are unrelated to laboratory tests of recollection and familiarity for word stimuli. Frontiers in Psychology, 4, Article 881. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00881
     Déjà vu
857. Pakiet navis (Schlegel P i wsp.), github.com/navis-org/navis: przykładowe dane, w tym obrys neuropilu mózgu muszki przeniesiony do przestrzeni hemibrain (ekosystem nat, nat.jrcbrains). (obrys mózgu muszki)
     Grafiki w Sprawdź się
858. Pakkenberg i Gundersen, J Comp Neurol 384:312-320 (1997) doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9861(19970728)384:2<312::aid-cne10>3.0.co;2-k (n = 94, kobiety i mężczyźni w wieku 20-90 lat)
     Mózg w liczbach
859. Palmer, L., Ferrari, M. A., & Clark, L. (2024). The near-miss effect in online slot machine gambling: A series of conceptual replications. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 38(6), 716-727. https://doi.org/10.1037/adb0000999 (cztery badania, 148-172 osoby w każdym; także jako preprint z 2023 roku, osf.io/preprints/psyarxiv/s7qe5)
     Efekt prawie wygranej
860. Palombo, D. J., Keane, M. M., & Verfaellie, M. (2015). The medial temporal lobes are critical for reward-based decision making under conditions that promote episodic future thinking. Hippocampus, 25(3), 345-353. https://doi.org/10.1002/hipo.22376
     Dyskontowanie odroczonych nagród
861. Pandit, A. S., de Gouveia, M., Horsfall, H. L., Reka, A., & Marcus, H. J. (2022). Efficacy of a mindfulness-based intervention in ameliorating inattentional blindness amongst young neurosurgeons: A prospective, controlled pilot study. Frontiers in Surgery, 9, Article 916228. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsurg.2022.916228 (pilotaż, 28 osób, bez losowania)
     Ślepota pozauwagowa
862. Pandit, J. J., Andrade, J., Bogod, D. G., Hitchman, J. M., Jonker, W. R., Lucas, N., Mackay, J. H., Nimmo, A. F., O'Connor, K., O'Sullivan, E. P., Paul, R. G., Palmer, J. H. M. G., Plaat, F., Radcliffe, J. J., Sury, M. R. J., Torevell, H. E., Wang, M., Hainsworth, J., & Cook, T. M. (2014). 5th National Audit Project (NAP5) on accidental awareness during general anaesthesia: Summary of main findings and risk factors. British Journal of Anaesthesia, 113(4), 549-559. https://doi.org/10.1093/bja/aeu313
     Świadomość
863. Panidi, K., Vorobiova, A. N., Feurra, M., & Klucharev, V. (2022). Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex plays causal role in probability weighting during risky choice. Scientific Reports, 12(1), Article 16115. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-18529-6 (cTBS, 30 osób, w analizie 28)
     Efekt pewności
864. Panidi, K., Vorobiova, A. N., Feurra, M., & Klucharev, V. (2024). Posterior parietal cortex is causally involved in reward valuation but not in probability weighting during risky choice. Cerebral Cortex, 34(1), Article bhad446. https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhad446
     Efekt pewności
865. Park, H., Arazi, A., Talluri, B. C., Celotto, M., Panzeri, S., Stocker, A. A., & Donner, T. H. (2025). Confirmation bias through selective readout of information encoded in human parietal cortex. Nature Communications, 16, Article 5391. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-61010-x (MEG, 30 osób, 29 w analizach kory ciemieniowej)
     Błąd konfirmacji
866. Pärnamets, P., Johansson, P., Strandberg, T., Balkenius, C., & Hall, L. (2023). Looking at choice blindness: Evidence from gaze patterns and pupil dilation. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/v85sz (śledzenie wzroku, 76 osób)
     Ślepota wyboru
867. Parrish, A. E., Evans, T. A., & Beran, M. J. (2015). Rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) exhibit the decoy effect in a perceptual discrimination task. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 77(5), 1715-1725. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13414-015-0885-6 (7 makaków)
     Efekt wabika
868. Parry, D. A. (2024). Does the Mere Presence of a Smartphone Impact Cognitive Performance? A Meta-Analysis of the “Brain Drain Effect”. Media Psychology, 27(5), 737-762. https://doi.org/10.1080/15213269.2023.2286647
     Uwaga
869. Pashler i wsp., Psychol Sci Public Interest 9:105-119 (2008), przegląd doi:10.1111/j.1539-6053.2009.01038.x (bez jednej liczby efektu)
     Mózg w liczbach
870. Pashler, H. (1994). Dual-task interference in simple tasks: Data and theory. Psychological Bulletin, 116(2), 220-244. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.116.2.220
     Uwaga
871. Patel, A. K., Reddy, V., Shumway, K. R., & Araujo, J. F. (2024). Physiology, sleep stages. W StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK526132/
     Sen
872. Patt, V. M., Hunsberger, R., Jones, D. A., & Verfaellie, M. (2023). The hippocampus contributes to temporal discounting when delays and rewards are experienced in the moment. The Journal of Neuroscience, 43(31), 5710-5722. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2250-22.2023 (7 osób z uszkodzeniem hipokampa)
     Dyskontowanie odroczonych nagród
873. Pauli, W. M., Nili, A. N., & Tyszka, J. M. (2018). A high-resolution probabilistic in vivo atlas of human subcortical brain nuclei. Scientific Data, 5, Article 180063. https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2018.63
     SenDopaminaStrona działuEfekt opcji domyślnejStruktury głębokie
874. Peciña, S., Cagniard, B., Berridge, K. C., Aldridge, J. W., & Zhuang, X. (2003). Hyperdopaminergic Mutant Mice Have Higher “Wanting” But Not “Liking” for Sweet Rewards. The Journal of Neuroscience, 23(28), 9395-9402. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.23-28-09395.2003
     Dopamina
875. Peigneux, P., Laureys, S., Fuchs, S., Collette, F., Perrin, F., Reggers, J., Phillips, C., Degueldre, C., Del Fiore, G., Aerts, J., Luxen, A., & Maquet, P. (2004). Are spatial memories strengthened in the human hippocampus during slow wave sleep? Neuron, 44(3), 535-545. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2004.10.007
     Sen
876. Pennycook, G., Cannon, T. D., & Rand, D. G. (2018). Prior exposure increases perceived accuracy of fake news. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 147(12), 1865-1880. https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0000465 (949 osób w badaniu 2)
     Efekt iluzorycznej prawdy
877. Pennycook, G., Cheyne, J. A., Barr, N., Koehler, D. J., & Fugelsang, J. A. (2014). Cognitive style and religiosity: The role of conflict detection. Memory & Cognition, 42(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-013-0340-7 (pula zadań z dwiema grupami)
     Pomijanie częstości bazowej
878. Pennycook, G., Trippas, D., Handley, S. J., & Thompson, V. A. (2014). Base rates: Both neglected and intuitive. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 40(2), 544-554. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0034887 (trzy eksperymenty)
     Pomijanie częstości bazowej
879. Pergolizzi, D., & Chua, E. F. (2015). Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of the parietal cortex leads to increased false recognition. Neuropsychologia, 66, 88-98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2014.11.012 (stymulacja)
     Fałszywe wspomnienia
880. Pergolizzi, D., & Chua, E. F. (2016). Transcranial direct current stimulation over the parietal cortex alters bias in item and source memory tasks. Brain and Cognition, 108, 56-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandc.2016.06.009 (stymulacja, 54 osoby)
     Fałszywe wspomnienia
881. Perucca, P., Crompton, D. E., Bellows, S. T., McIntosh, A. M., Kalincik, T., Newton, M. R., Vajda, F. J. E., Scheffer, I. E., Kwan, P., O'Brien, T. J., Tan, K. M., & Berkovic, S. F. (2017). Familial mesial temporal lobe epilepsy and the borderland of déjà vu. Annals of Neurology, 82(2), 166-176. https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.24984
     Déjà vu
882. Pešlová, E., Mareček, R., Shaw, D. J., Kašpárek, T., Pail, M., & Brázdil, M. (2018). Hippocampal involvement in nonpathological déjà vu: Subfield vulnerability rather than temporal lobe epilepsy equivalent. Brain and Behavior, 8(7), Article e00996. https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.996
     Déjà vu
883. Pessoa, L., & Ungerleider, L. G. (2004). Neural correlates of change detection and change blindness in a working memory task. Cerebral Cortex, 14(5), 511-520. https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhh013 (fMRI)
     Niewidzenie zmian
884. Petanjek, Z., Judaš, M., Šimić, G., Rašin, M. R., Uylings, H. B. M., Rakic, P., & Kostović, I. (2011). Extraordinary neoteny of synaptic spines in the human prefrontal cortex. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 108(32), 13281-13286. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1105108108
     Od mikrosekund do dekadMózg w liczbach
885. Peters, A., Hense, A., Bruchmann, M., Dellert, T., Schlossmacher, I., Moeck, R., & Straube, T. (2026). Stimulus duration modulates awareness-dependent brain activation in the fusiform gyrus independently of task-relevance. Neuroscience of Consciousness, 2026(1), Article niag012. https://doi.org/10.1093/nc/niag012 (fMRI, 56 osób)
     Ślepota pozauwagowa
886. Peters, J., & Büchel, C. (2010). Episodic future thinking reduces reward delay discounting through an enhancement of prefrontal-mediotemporal interactions. Neuron, 66(1), 138-148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2010.03.026
     Dyskontowanie odroczonych nagród
887. Peters, J., & D’Esposito, M. (2016). Effects of medial orbitofrontal cortex lesions on self-control in intertemporal choice. Current Biology, 26(19), 2625-2628. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2016.07.035 (9 pacjentów, 19 osób zdrowych)
     Dyskontowanie odroczonych nagród
888. Petersen, S. E., & Posner, M. I. (2012). The Attention System of the Human Brain: 20 Years After. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 35(1), 73-89. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-neuro-062111-150525
     Uwaga
889. Petrov, N. B., Chan, Y. K. M., Lau, C. N., Kwok, T. H., Chow, L. C. E., Lo, W. Y., Song, W., & Feldman, G. (2023). Sunk cost effects for time versus money: Replication and extensions Registered Report of Soman (2001). International Review of Social Psychology, 36(1), Article 17. https://doi.org/10.5334/irsp.883 (821 osób)
     Efekt utopionych kosztów
890. Petzold, J., Kienast, A., Lee, Y., Pooseh, S., London, E. D., Goschke, T., & Smolka, M. N. (2019). Baseline impulsivity may moderate L-DOPA effects on value-based decision-making. Scientific Reports, 9(1), Article 5652. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-42124-x (87 osób)
     Dyskontowanie odroczonych nagród
891. PFR Portal PPK. (2026). Biuletyn PPK, 7(57), lipiec 2026. mojeppk.pl (partycypacja na 30 czerwca 2026 roku)
     Efekt opcji domyślnej
892. Pfurtscheller, G., & Lopes da Silva, F. H. (1999). Event-related EEG/MEG synchronization and desynchronization: Basic principles. Clinical Neurophysiology, 110(11), 1842-1857. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1388-2457(99)00141-8
     Fale mózgowe
893. Pfurtscheller, G., & Neuper, C. (1997). Motor imagery activates primary sensorimotor area in humans. Neuroscience Letters, 239(2-3), 65-68. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3940(97)00889-6
     Fale mózgowe
894. Phaf, R. H., & Rotteveel, M. (2024). An audience facilitates facial feedback: A social-context hypothesis reconciling original study and nonreplication. Psychological Reports, 127(6), 3170-3189. https://doi.org/10.1177/00332941231153975 (online 2023)
     Mimiczne sprzężenie zwrotne
895. Phillips, I. (2021). Blindsight is qualitatively degraded conscious vision. Psychological Review, 128(3), 558-584. https://doi.org/10.1037/rev0000254
     Świadomość
896. Pietschnig, Voracek i Formann, Intelligence 38:314-323 (2010), metaanaliza doi:10.1016/j.intell.2010.03.001 (liczby znane z omówień pracy)
     Mózg w liczbach
897. Pine, A., Shiner, T., Seymour, B., & Dolan, R. J. (2010). Dopamine, time, and impulsivity in humans. The Journal of Neuroscience, 30(26), 8888-8896. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.6028-09.2010
     Dyskontowanie odroczonych nagród
898. Pinto, Y., Neville, D. A., Otten, M., Corballis, P. M., Lamme, V. A. F., de Haan, E. H. F., Foschi, N., & Fabri, M. (2017). Split brain: Divided perception but undivided consciousness. Brain, 140(5), 1231-1237. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/aww358
     Świadomość
899. Pisklak, J. M., Yong, J. J. H., & Spetch, M. L. (2020). The near-miss effect in slot machines: A review and experimental analysis over half a century later. Journal of Gambling Studies, 36(2), 611-632. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-019-09891-8 (gołębie; 178 osób)
     Efekt prawie wygranej
900. Pitts, M. A., Martínez, A., & Hillyard, S. A. (2012). Visual processing of contour patterns under conditions of inattentional blindness. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 24(2), 287-303. https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00111 (EEG, 32 osoby)
     Ślepota pozauwagowa
901. Pitts, M. A., Metzler, S., & Hillyard, S. A. (2014). Isolating neural correlates of conscious perception from neural correlates of reporting one's perception. Frontiers in Psychology, 5, 1078. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01078
     Świadomość
902. Plaum, P., Visser, L. N., de Groot, B., Morsink, M. E. B., Duijst, W. L. J. M., & Candel, B. G. J. (2024). Using case vignettes to study the presence of outcome, hindsight, and implicit bias in acute unplanned medical care: A cross-sectional study. European Journal of Emergency Medicine, 31(4), 260-266. https://doi.org/10.1097/MEJ.0000000000001127 (191 lekarzy)
     Efekt wiedzy po fakcie
903. Plotkin, W. B. (1976). On the self-regulation of the occipital alpha rhythm: Control strategies, states of consciousness, and the role of physiological feedback. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 105(1), 66-99. https://doi.org/10.1037/0096-3445.105.1.66
     Fale mózgowe
904. Plott, C. R., & Zeiler, K. (2005). The willingness to pay-willingness to accept gap, the "endowment effect," subject misconceptions, and experimental procedures for eliciting valuations. American Economic Review, 95(3), 530-545. https://doi.org/10.1257/0002828054201387
     Efekt posiadania
905. Plott, C. R., & Zeiler, K. (2011). The willingness to pay-willingness to accept gap, the "endowment effect," subject misconceptions, and experimental procedures for eliciting valuations: Reply. American Economic Review, 101(2), 1012-1028. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.101.2.1012
     Efekt posiadania
906. Pohl, R. F., Bayen, U. J., Arnold, N., Auer, T.-S., & Martin, C. (2018). Age differences in processes underlying hindsight bias: A life-span study. Journal of Cognition and Development, 19(3), 278-300. https://doi.org/10.1080/15248372.2018.1476356 (278 osób, 48 pytań liczbowych)
     Efekt wiedzy po fakcie
907. Poldrack, R. A., & Mumford, J. A. (2009). Independence in ROI analysis: Where is the voodoo? Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 4(2), 208-213. https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsp011
     Awersja do strat
908. Porkka-Heiskanen, T., Strecker, R. E., Thakkar, M., Bjorkum, A. A., Greene, R. W., & McCarley, R. W. (1997). Adenosine: A mediator of the sleep-inducing effects of prolonged wakefulness. Science, 276(5316), 1265-1268. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.276.5316.1265
     Sen
909. Poškus, M. S. (2014). A new way of looking at the Barnum effect and its links to personality traits in groups receiving different types of personality feedback. Psichologija, 50, 95-105. https://doi.org/10.15388/psichol.2014.50.4893 (243 studentów)
     Efekt Barnuma
910. Posner, M. I. (1980). Orienting of Attention. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 32(1), 3-25. https://doi.org/10.1080/00335558008248231
     Uwaga
911. Posner, M. I., & Petersen, S. E. (1990). The Attention System of the Human Brain. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 13(1), 25-42. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ne.13.030190.000325
     Uwaga
912. Potter, M. C., Wyble, B., Hagmann, C. E., & McCourt, E. S. (2014). Detecting meaning in RSVP at 13 ms per picture. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 76(2), 270-279. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13414-013-0605-z
     Od mikrosekund do dekadMózg w liczbach
913. Prace wybrali twórcy serwisu spośród najczęściej cytowanych publikacji, w których tytule pada nazwa danego obszaru, a każdy DOI sprawdzili w bazie Crossref.
     Mapa czuciowo-ruchowaStruktury głębokieLista lektur
914. Pratkanis, A. R. (1992). The cargo-cult science of subliminal persuasion. Skeptical Inquirer, 16(3), 260-272.
     Świadomość
915. Praxedes, D. R. S., Silva-Júnior, A. E., Macena, M. L., Oliveira, A. D., Cardoso, K. S., Nunes, L. O., Monteiro, M. B., Melo, I. S. V., Gearhardt, A. N., & Bueno, N. B. (2022). Prevalence of food addiction determined by the Yale Food Addiction Scale and associated factors: A systematic review with meta-analysis. European Eating Disorders Review, 30(2), 85-95. https://doi.org/10.1002/erv.2878
     Dopamina
916. Pronin, E., & Hazel, L. (2023). Humans’ bias blind spot and its societal significance. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 32(5), 402-409. https://doi.org/10.1177/09637214231178745 (przegląd)
     Efekt ślepej plamki
917. Pronin, E., & Kugler, M. B. (2007). Valuing thoughts, ignoring behavior: The introspection illusion as a source of the bias blind spot. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 43(4), 565-578. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2006.05.011
     Efekt ślepej plamki
918. Pronin, E., Gilovich, T., & Ross, L. (2004). Objectivity in the eye of the beholder: Divergent perceptions of bias in self versus others. Psychological Review, 111(3), 781-799. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.111.3.781
     Efekt ślepej plamki
919. Pronin, E., Lin, D. Y., & Ross, L. (2002). The bias blind spot: Perceptions of bias in self versus others. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28(3), 369-381. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167202286008
     Efekt ślepej plamki
920. Przerwa, M., & Zabielska-Mendyk, E. (2025). Impulsivity, critical thinking and near-miss role for persistence in play on a slot machine. Journal of Gambling Studies, 41(4), 1743-1758. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-025-10412-z (62 osoby, Lublin)
     Efekt prawie wygranej
921. Przybył, J., & Pilarska, A. (2026). Foreign language effects in personality feedback evaluation. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1366728926101655 (170 studentów)
     Efekt Barnuma
922. Puchała, D., & Bilewicz, M. (2023). Skąd bierze się niechęć do obcych? O grupowych identyfikacjach Polaków. Nauka, (3), 21-43. https://doi.org/10.24425/nauka.2023.146064 (polska nazwa efektu)
     Faworyzowanie grupy własnej
923. Purcell, S. M., Manoach, D. S., Demanuele, C., Cade, B. E., Mariani, S., Cox, R., Panagiotaropoulou, G., Saxena, R., Pan, J. Q., Smoller, J. W., Redline, S., & Stickgold, R. (2017). Characterizing sleep spindles in 11,630 individuals from the National Sleep Research Resource. Nature Communications, 8, Article 15930. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms15930
     Fale mózgowe
924. Purdon, P. L., Pierce, E. T., Mukamel, E. A., Prerau, M. J., Walsh, J. L., Wong, K. F. K., Salazar-Gomez, A. F., Harrell, P. G., Sampson, A. L., Cimenser, A., Ching, S., Kopell, N. J., Tavares-Stoeckel, C., Habeeb, K., Merhar, R., & Brown, E. N. (2013). Electroencephalogram signatures of loss and recovery of consciousness from propofol. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 110(12), E1142-E1151. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1221180110
     Fale mózgowe
925. Purves, D., Augustine, G. J., Fitzpatrick, D., Katz, L. C., LaMantia, A.-S., McNamara, J. O., & Williams, S. M. (Eds.). (2001). Neuroscience (2nd ed.), rozdz. „Increased conduction velocity as a result of myelination”. Sinauer Associates. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK10921/
     Od mikrosekund do dekad
926. Qian, H., Shao, F., Lenahan, C., Shao, A., & Li, Y. (2020). Efficacy and safety of botulinum toxin vs. placebo in depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 11, Article 603087. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.603087 (metaanaliza, 5 badań, 417 osób)
     Mimiczne sprzężenie zwrotne
927. Qiu, J., Xia, Y., He, L., Chen, Q., Sang, N., Liu, W., & Li, H. (2018). Abnormal rsFC and GMV changes in parahippocampal and DLPFC for high Déjà vu experienced subjects. Biological Psychology, 133, 72-78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2018.02.001
     Déjà vu
928. Qu, C., Wang, J., & Luo, Y. (2008). Inconspicuous anchoring effects generated by false information. Progress in Natural Science, 18(11), 1375-1382. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnsc.2008.04.007 (EEG, 16 osób, 14 w analizie)
     Efekt zakotwiczenia
929. Qu, C., Zhou, L., & Luo, Y. (2008). Electrophysiological correlates of adjustment process in anchoring effects. Neuroscience Letters, 445(3), 199-203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2008.07.061 (angielska wersja eksperymentu 2 z pracy powyżej)
     Efekt zakotwiczenia
930. Qu, C., Zhou, L., & Luo, Y. (2008). 锚定判断中的心理刻度效应：来自ERP的证据 [The mental scale in anchoring effects: Evidence from event-related potentials]. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 40(6), 681-692. https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1041.2008.00681 (EEG; eksperyment 1: 16 osób w analizie, eksperyment 2: 15)
     Efekt zakotwiczenia
931. Rahal, R.-M., & Schulze Spüntrup, F. (2025). Cognitive processes of ingroup favoritism across 20 countries: An eye-tracking investigation of culture, behavior, and cognition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 122(32), Article e2417456122. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2417456122 (1850 osób, 20 krajów)
     Faworyzowanie grupy własnej
932. Raichle, M. E., & Gusnard, D. A. (2002). Appraising the brain's energy budget. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 99(16), 10237-10239. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.172399499
     UwagaMózg w liczbach
933. Raichle, Science 314:1249-1250 (2006) doi:10.1126/science.1134405
     Mózg w liczbach
934. Raja, S. N., Carr, D. B., Cohen, M., Finnerup, N. B., Flor, H., Gibson, S., Keefe, F. J., Mogil, J. S., Ringkamp, M., Sluka, K. A., Song, X.-J., Stevens, B., Sullivan, M. D., Tutelman, P. R., Ushida, T., & Vader, K. (2020). The revised International Association for the Study of Pain definition of pain: Concepts, challenges, and compromises. Pain, 161(9), 1976-1982. https://doi.org/10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001939
     Ból
935. Ranehill, E., Dreber, A., Johannesson, M., Leiberg, S., Sul, S., & Weber, R. A. (2015). Assessing the robustness of power posing: No effect on hormones and risk tolerance in a large sample of men and women. Psychological Science, 26(5), 653-656. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797614553946 (200 osób)
     Pozy siły (power posing)
936. Rao, K., & Hastie, R. (2023). Predicting outcomes in a sequence of binary events: Belief updating and gambler’s fallacy reasoning. Cognitive Science, 47(1), Article e13211. https://doi.org/10.1111/cogs.13211 (sześć eksperymentów; norma do zadania ze Study 2B, 101 osób)
     Złudzenie gracza i gorąca ręka
937. Rasch, B., Büchel, C., Gais, S., & Born, J. (2007). Odor cues during slow-wave sleep prompt declarative memory consolidation. Science, 315(5817), 1426-1429. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1138581
     Sen
938. Rath, T., Srinivasan, N., & Srivastava, N. (2025). The attraction effect in perceptual decision-making: A case of dominance asymmetry. Frontiers in Psychology, 16, Article 1661748. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1661748
     Efekt wabika
939. Ray, S., & Maunsell, J. H. R. (2015). Do gamma oscillations play a role in cerebral cortex? Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 19(2), 78-85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2014.12.002
     Fale mózgowe
940. Raymond, J. E., Shapiro, K. L., & Arnell, K. M. (1992). Temporary suppression of visual processing in an RSVP task: An attentional blink? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 18(3), 849-860. https://doi.org/10.1037/0096-1523.18.3.849
     UwagaMózg w liczbach
941. Reber, odpowiedź w rubryce „Ask the Brains”, Scientific American Mind 21:70 (2010), tekst nierecenzowany doi:10.1038/scientificamericanmind0510-70
     Mózg w liczbach
942. Redelmeier, D. A., & Tversky, A. (1996). On the belief that arthritis pain is related to the weather. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 93(7), 2895-2896. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.93.7.2895 (18 chorych i 97 studentów)
     Iluzoryczna korelacja
943. Rees, G., Russell, C., Frith, C. D., & Driver, J. (1999). Inattentional blindness versus inattentional amnesia for fixated but ignored words. Science, 286(5449), 2504-2507. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.286.5449.2504 (obrazowanie mózgu)
     Ślepota pozauwagowa
944. Remington, A., White, H., Fairnie, J., Sideropoulos, V., Hall, L., & Johansson, P. (2024). Choice blindness in autistic and non-autistic people. Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 36(4), 493-501. https://doi.org/10.1080/20445911.2024.2356283 (50 osób)
     Ślepota wyboru
945. Rensink, R. A., O'Regan, J. K., & Clark, J. J. (1997). To see or not to see: The need for attention to perceive changes in scenes. Psychological Science, 8(5), 368-373. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.1997.tb00427.x (3 eksperymenty po 10 osób)
     Niewidzenie zmian
946. Reuven, O., Liberman, N., & Dar, R. (2014). The effect of physical cleaning on threatened morality in individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Clinical Psychological Science, 2(2), 224-229. https://doi.org/10.1177/2167702613485565 (online 2013)
     Efekt Makbeta
947. Reyna, V. F., Müller, S. M., & Edelson, S. M. (2023). Critical tests of fuzzy trace theory in brain and behavior: Uncertainty across time, probability, and development. Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, 23(3), 746-772. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13415-022-01058-0 (przegląd)
     Efekt pewności
948. Reynolds, J. H., & Heeger, D. J. (2009). The Normalization Model of Attention. Neuron, 61(2), 168-185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2009.01.002
     Uwaga
949. Rickard i wsp., J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn 34:834-842 (2008) doi:10.1037/0278-7393.34.4.834
     Mózg w liczbach
950. Ridder i Tomlinson, Vision Res 33:1795-1802 (1993) doi:10.1016/0042-6989(93)90170-2
     Mózg w liczbach
951. Riesthuis, P., & Woods, J. (2026). Limits of the illusory truth effect for social-political opinions: Evidence from two experiments and a mini meta-analysis. Consciousness and Cognition, 144, Article 104119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2026.104119
     Efekt iluzorycznej prawdy
952. Rieznik, A., Moscovich, L., Frieiro, A., Figini, J., Catalano, R., Garrido, J. M., Álvarez Heduan, F., Sigman, M., & Gonzalez, P. A. (2017). A massive experiment on choice blindness in political decisions: Confidence, confabulation, and unconscious detection of self-deception. PLOS ONE, 12(2), Article e0171108. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0171108 (56 osób na ulicy i 3106 przez internet)
     Ślepota wyboru
953. Robbins, J. M., & Krueger, J. I. (2005). Social projection to ingroups and outgroups: A review and meta-analysis. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 9(1), 32-47. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327957pspr0901_3 (metaanaliza, 48 testów)
     Efekt fałszywej zgodnościFaworyzowanie grupy własnej
954. Robinson, T. E., & Berridge, K. C. (1993). The neural basis of drug craving: An incentive-sensitization theory of addiction. Brain Research Reviews, 18(3), 247-291. https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-0173(93)90013-p
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955. Rodríguez Aramendía, M., Esposito, M., & Kaplan, R. (2025). Social knowledge about others is anchored to self-knowledge in the hippocampal formation. PLOS Biology, 23(4), Article e3003050. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3003050 (fMRI, 20 osób w analizie)
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956. Roediger i Karpicke, Psychol Sci 17:249-255 (2006) doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2006.01693.x
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957. Roediger, H. L., & McDermott, K. B. (1995). Creating false memories: Remembering words not presented in lists. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 21(4), 803-814. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.21.4.803 (36 i 30 osób)
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958. Roese, N. J., & Vohs, K. D. (2012). Hindsight bias. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 7(5), 411-426. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691612454303 (przegląd)
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959. Rogers, E. S., Vargas, E. A., & Voigt, E. (2020). Exploring the decoy effect to guide tobacco treatment choice: A randomized experiment. BMC Research Notes, 13(1), Article 3. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-019-4873-0 (90 osób)
     Efekt wabika
960. Rogers, P., & Soule, J. (2009). Cross-cultural differences in the acceptance of Barnum profiles supposedly derived from Western versus Chinese astrology. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 40(3), 381-399. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022109332843
     Efekt Barnuma
961. Roiser, J. P., de Martino, B., Tan, G. C. Y., Kumaran, D., Seymour, B., Wood, N. W., & Dolan, R. J. (2009). A genetically mediated bias in decision making driven by failure of amygdala control. Journal of Neuroscience, 29(18), 5985-5991. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0407-09.2009 (30 osób, fMRI i genotyp 5-HTTLPR)
     Efekt framingu
962. Rollwage, M., & Fleming, S. M. (2021). Confirmation bias is adaptive when coupled with efficient metacognition. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 376(1822), Article 20200131. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2020.0131 (symulacje)
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963. Rollwage, M., Loosen, A., Hauser, T. U., Moran, R., Dolan, R. J., & Fleming, S. M. (2020). Confidence drives a neural confirmation bias. Nature Communications, 11, Article 2634. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-16278-6 (MEG, 25 osób; zachowanie, 28 i 23 osoby)
     Błąd konfirmacji
964. Ronay, R., Tybur, J. M., van Huijstee, D., & Morssinkhof, M. (2017). Embodied power, testosterone, and overconfidence as a causal pathway to risk-taking. Comprehensive Results in Social Psychology, 2(1), 28-43. https://doi.org/10.1080/23743603.2016.1248081 (108 osób)
     Pozy siły (power posing)
965. Rosenberg, M. D., Finn, E. S., Scheinost, D., Papademetris, X., Shen, X., Constable, R. T., & Chun, M. M. (2016). A neuromarker of sustained attention from whole-brain functional connectivity. Nature Neuroscience, 19(1), 165-171. https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.4179
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966. Ross, L. (1977). The intuitive psychologist and his shortcomings: Distortions in the attribution process. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 10, 173-220. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2601(08)60357-3 (praca, w której pojawiła się nazwa błędu)
     Podstawowy błąd atrybucji
967. Ross, L. D., Amabile, T. M., & Steinmetz, J. L. (1977). Social roles, social control, and biases in social-perception processes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 35(7), 485-494. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.35.7.485 (teleturniej, 2 eksperymenty)
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968. Ross, L., Greene, D., & House, P. (1977). The „false consensus effect”: An egocentric bias in social perception and attribution processes. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 13(3), 279-301. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1031(77)90049-X (cztery badania, 320, 80, 104 i 80 osób)
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969. Rossini, P. M., Cole, J., Paulus, W., Ziemann, U., & Chen, R. (2025). 1924-2024: First centennial of EEG. Clinical Neurophysiology, 170, 132-135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2024.11.021
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970. Rostami, F., Soltani, S., Grafman, J., Heyrani, R., Yazdanpanah, A., Jahanbakhshi, A., Vahabie, A.-H., Shariat, S. V., Abdolalizadeh, A., & Mirfazeli, F. S. (2026). Frontal brain injury alters human risky choices in self and other contexts. iScience, 29(7), Article 116427. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2026.116427 (20 osób po urazie płata czołowego, 20 bez urazu)
     Efekt pewności
971. Roth, S., Robbert, T., & Straus, L. (2015). On the sunk-cost effect in economic decision-making: A meta-analytic review. Business Research, 8(1), 99-138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40685-014-0014-8 (45 badań, 100 wyników)
     Efekt utopionych kosztów
972. Rougier, M., & De Houwer, J. (2024). Updating stereotypical attributions in light of new information: The attractiveness halo effect changes when attractiveness changes. European Journal of Social Psychology, 54(1), 364-379. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.3017
     Efekt aureoli
973. Rounis, E., Maniscalco, B., Rothwell, J. C., Passingham, R. E., & Lau, H. (2010). Theta-burst transcranial magnetic stimulation to the prefrontal cortex impairs metacognitive visual awareness. Cognitive Neuroscience, 1(3), 165-175. https://doi.org/10.1080/17588921003632529
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974. Rowland, Psychol Bull 140:1432-1463 (2014), metaanaliza doi:10.1037/a0037559 (61 badań, średni efekt g = 0,50)
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975. Roy, M. M., & Christenfeld, N. J. S. (2008). Effect of task length on remembered and predicted duration. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 15(1), 202-207. https://doi.org/10.3758/PBR.15.1.202 (207 osób)
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976. Roy, M. M., Christenfeld, N. J. S., & Jones, M. (2013). Actors, observers, and the estimation of task duration. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 66(1), 121-137. https://doi.org/10.1080/17470218.2012.699973 (dwa eksperymenty)
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977. Roy, M. M., Christenfeld, N. J. S., & McKenzie, C. R. M. (2005). Underestimating the duration of future events: Memory incorrectly used or memory bias? Psychological Bulletin, 131(5), 738-756. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.131.5.738 (przegląd)
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978. Rubinstein, J. S., Meyer, D. E., & Evans, J. E. (2001). Executive control of cognitive processes in task switching. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 27(4), 763-797. https://doi.org/10.1037/0096-1523.27.4.763
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980. Ruggeri, K., Panin, A., Vdovic, M., i in. (2022). The globalizability of temporal discounting. Nature Human Behaviour, 6(10), 1386-1397. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-022-01392-w (13 629 osób z 61 krajów, w tym 337 z Polski; wyniki z tekstu głównego, ryciny 1 i tabel uzupełniających 1, 2 i 4)
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982. Rutledge, R. B., Skandali, N., Dayan, P., & Dolan, R. J. (2014). A computational and neural model of momentary subjective well-being. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111(33), 12252-12257. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1407535111
     Dopamina
983. Rutledge, R. B., Skandali, N., Dayan, P., & Dolan, R. J. (2015). Dopaminergic Modulation of Decision Making and Subjective Well-Being. Journal of Neuroscience, 35(27), 9811-9822. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0702-15.2015
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985. Rzechorzek i wsp., Brain 145:2031-2048 (2022) doi:10.1093/brain/awab466 (n = 40, wiek 20-40 lat, spektroskopia rezonansu magnetycznego)
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986. Saalmann, Y. B., Pinsk, M. A., Wang, L., Li, X., & Kastner, S. (2012). The Pulvinar Regulates Information Transmission Between Cortical Areas Based on Attention Demands. Science, 337(6095), 753-756. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1223082
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987. Saarinen, A., Jääskeläinen, I. P., Harjunen, V., Keltikangas-Järvinen, L., Jasinskaja-Lahti, I., & Ravaja, N. (2021). Neural basis of in-group bias and prejudices: A systematic meta-analysis. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 131, 1214-1227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.10.027 (metaanaliza, 87 zbiorów danych)
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989. Salamone, J. D., & Correa, M. (2012). The Mysterious Motivational Functions of Mesolimbic Dopamine. Neuron, 76(3), 470-485. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2012.10.021
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990. Salimpoor, V. N., Benovoy, M., Larcher, K., Dagher, A., & Zatorre, R. J. (2011). Anatomically distinct dopamine release during anticipation and experience of peak emotion to music. Nature Neuroscience, 14(2), 257-262. https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.2726
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991. Salmen, K., Ermark, F. K. G., & Fiedler, K. (2023). Pragmatic, constructive, and reconstructive memory influences on the hindsight bias. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 30(1), 331-340. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-022-02158-1 (90 studentów)
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992. Salomons, T. V., Iannetti, G. D., Liang, M., & Wood, J. N. (2016). The "pain matrix" in pain-free individuals. JAMA Neurology, 73(6), 755-756. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaneurol.2016.0653
     Ból
993. Sanbonmatsu, D. M., Strayer, D. L., Medeiros-Ward, N., & Watson, J. M. (2013). Who Multi-Tasks and Why? Multi-Tasking Ability, Perceived Multi-Tasking Ability, Impulsivity, and Sensation Seeking. PLoS ONE, 8(1), Article e54402. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0054402
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994. Sanders, R. D., Gaskell, A., Raz, A., Winders, J., Stevanovic, A., Rossaint, R., Boncyk, C., Defresne, A., Tran, G., Tasbihgou, S., Meier, S., Vlisides, P. E., Fardous, H., Hess, A., Bauer, R. M., Absalom, A., Mashour, G. A., Bonhomme, V., Coburn, M., & Sleigh, J. (2017). Incidence of connected consciousness after tracheal intubation: A prospective, international, multicenter cohort study of the isolated forearm technique. Anesthesiology, 126(2), 214-222. https://doi.org/10.1097/ALN.0000000000001479
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995. Saper, C. B., Fuller, P. M., Pedersen, N. P., Lu, J., & Scammell, T. E. (2010). Sleep state switching. Neuron, 68(6), 1023-1042. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2010.11.032
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996. Saragiotto, B. T., Machado, G. C., Ferreira, M. L., Pinheiro, M. B., Abdel Shaheed, C., & Maher, C. G. (2016). Paracetamol for low back pain. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2016(6), CD012230. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD012230
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997. Saur D et al. Ventral and dorsal pathways for language. PNAS 105(46):18035-18040 (2008). doi:10.1073/pnas.0805234105 (praca źródłowa łańcucha „Rozmowa”)
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      Efekt Makbeta
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1004. Scherer, L. D., Yates, J. F., Baker, S. G., & Valentine, K. D. (2017). The influence of effortful thought and cognitive proficiencies on the conjunction fallacy: Implications for dual-process theories of reasoning and judgment. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 43(6), 874-887. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167217700607
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1005. Schill, H. M., Gray, S. M., & Brady, T. F. (2023). Visual hindsight bias for abnormal mammograms in radiologists. Journal of Medical Imaging, 10(S1), Article S11910. https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JMI.10.S1.S11910 (34 radiologów w analizie)
      Efekt wiedzy po fakcie
1006. Schlegel i wsp., Nature 634:139-152 (2024) doi:10.1038/s41586-024-07686-5
      Mózg w liczbach
1007. Schley, D. R., & Weingarten, E. (2026). Fifty years of anchoring effects: A theoretical reintegration and meta-analysis. Management Science. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.03238 (2601 wyników)
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1008. Schmidgen, H. (2002). Of frogs and men: The origins of psychophysiological time experiments, 1850-1865. Endeavour, 26(4), 142-148. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-9327(02)01466-7
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1009. Schnakers, C., Vanhaudenhuyse, A., Giacino, J., Ventura, M., Boly, M., Majerus, S., Moonen, G., & Laureys, S. (2009). Diagnostic accuracy of the vegetative and minimally conscious state: Clinical consensus versus standardized neurobehavioral assessment. BMC Neurology, 9, 35. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2377-9-35
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1010. Schnall, S., Benton, J., & Harvey, S. (2008). With a clean conscience: Cleanliness reduces the severity of moral judgments. Psychological Science, 19(12), 1219-1222. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02227.x (40 i 43 osoby)
      Efekt Makbeta
1011. Schnuerch, M., Nadarevic, L., & Rouder, J. N. (2021). The truth revisited: Bayesian analysis of individual differences in the truth effect. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 28(3), 750-765. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-020-01814-8
      Efekt iluzorycznej prawdy
1012. Schönenberg, M., Wiedemann, E., Schneidt, A., Scheeff, J., Logemann, A., Keune, P. M., & Hautzinger, M. (2017). Neurofeedback, sham neurofeedback, and cognitive-behavioural group therapy in adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A triple-blind, randomised, controlled trial. The Lancet Psychiatry, 4(9), 673-684. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(17)30291-2
      Fale mózgowe
1013. Schultz, W. (2016). Dopamine reward prediction error coding. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience, 18(1), 23-32. https://doi.org/10.31887/DCNS.2016.18.1/wschultz
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1014. Schultz, W., Dayan, P., & Montague, P. R. (1997). A Neural Substrate of Prediction and Reward. Science, 275(5306), 1593-1599. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.275.5306.1593
      Dopamina
1015. Schurger, A., Sitt, J. D., & Dehaene, S. (2012). An accumulator model for spontaneous neural activity prior to self-initiated movement. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 109(42), E2904-E2913. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1210467109
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1016. Schwarz, N., Bless, H., Strack, F., Klumpp, G., Rittenauer-Schatka, H., & Simons, A. (1991). Ease of retrieval as information: Another look at the availability heuristic. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61(2), 195-202. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.61.2.195 (procedura i kierunek wyniku według Weingartena i Hutchinsona, 2018)
      Heurystyka dostępności
1017. Scoboria, A., Wade, K. A., Lindsay, D. S., Azad, T., Strange, D., Ost, J., & Hyman, I. E. (2017). A mega-analysis of memory reports from eight peer-reviewed false memory implantation studies. Memory, 25(2), 146-163. https://doi.org/10.1080/09658211.2016.1260747 (423 osoby)
      Fałszywe wspomnieniaMózg w liczbach
1018. Scopelliti, I., Morewedge, C. K., McCormick, E., Min, H. L., Lebrecht, S., & Kassam, K. S. (2015). Bias blind spot: Structure, measurement, and consequences. Management Science, 61(10), 2468-2486. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2014.2096
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1019. Scrivener, C. L., Malik, A., Marsh, J., Lindner, M., & Roesch, E. B. (2019). An EEG study of detection without localisation in change blindness. Experimental Brain Research, 237(10), 2535-2547. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-019-05602-2 (EEG, 20 osób)
      Niewidzenie zmian
1020. Seak, L. C. U., Jain, R., Nielsen, K., Schultz, W., & Ferrari-Toniolo, S. (2025). Comparison of independence axiom violations across primates: Humans and monkeys. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 240, Article 107332. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2025.107332 (126 osób, 2 makaki)
      Efekt pewności
1021. Sedlmeier, P., & Gigerenzer, G. (2001). Teaching Bayesian reasoning in less than two hours. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 130(3), 380-400. https://doi.org/10.1037/0096-3445.130.3.380 (szkolenia w Chicago, Berlinie i Monachium)
      Pomijanie częstości bazowej
1022. Sedlmeier, P., Hertwig, R., & Gigerenzer, G. (1998). Are judgments of the positional frequencies of letters systematically biased due to availability? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 24(3), 754-770. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.24.3.754 (3 badania)
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1023. Sellitto, M., Ciaramelli, E., & di Pellegrino, G. (2010). Myopic discounting of future rewards after medial orbitofrontal damage in humans. The Journal of Neuroscience, 30(49), 16429-16436. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2516-10.2010 (7 pacjentów z uszkodzeniem kory oczodołowo-czołowej, 9 z uszkodzeniem poza płatem czołowym, 20 osób zdrowych; nagrody wyobrażone)
      Dyskontowanie odroczonych nagród
1024. Sellitto, M., Ciaramelli, E., Mattioli, F., & di Pellegrino, G. (2016). Reduced sensitivity to sooner reward during intertemporal decision-making following insula damage in humans. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 9, Article 367. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00367 (12 pacjentów z uszkodzeniem wyspy, 13 z uszkodzeniem w innym miejscu, 64 osoby zdrowe)
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1025. Sergent, C., Baillet, S., & Dehaene, S. (2005). Timing of the brain events underlying access to consciousness during the attentional blink. Nature Neuroscience, 8(10), 1391-1400. https://doi.org/10.1038/nn1549
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1026. Sescousse, G., Janssen, L. K., Hashemi, M. M., Timmer, M. H. M., Geurts, D. E. M., ter Huurne, N. P., Clark, L., & Cools, R. (2016). Amplified striatal responses to near-miss outcomes in pathological gamblers. Neuropsychopharmacology, 41(10), 2614-2623. https://doi.org/10.1038/npp.2016.43 (fMRI, 22 + 22 osoby)
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1027. Seth, A. K. (2026). Conscious artificial intelligence and biological naturalism. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 49, e315. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X25000032
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1028. Seth, A. K., & Bayne, T. (2022). Theories of consciousness. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 23(7), 439-452. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41583-022-00587-4
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      Świadomość
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1031. Shah, P., Harris, A. J. L., Bird, G., Catmur, C., & Hahn, U. (2016). A pessimistic view of optimistic belief updating. Cognitive Psychology, 90, 71-127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogpsych.2016.05.004 (symulacje i 5 eksperymentów)
      Nierealistyczny optymizm
1032. Shapson-Coe A, Januszewski M, Berger DR i wsp. A petavoxel fragment of human cerebral cortex reconstructed at nanoscale resolution. Science 384, eadk4858 (2024). doi:10.1126/science.adk4858 (milimetr sześcienny, komórka 3470629528 i jej synapsa)
      PodróżNeuronyMilimetr sześciennyOd Ziemi do synapsyMózg w liczbach
1033. Sharot, T., Guitart-Masip, M., Korn, C. W., Chowdhury, R., & Dolan, R. J. (2012). How dopamine enhances an optimism bias in humans. Current Biology, 22(16), 1477-1481. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2012.05.053 (L-DOPA, 21 osób)
      Nierealistyczny optymizm
1034. Sharot, T., Kanai, R., Marston, D., Korn, C. W., Rees, G., & Dolan, R. J. (2012). Selectively altering belief formation in the human brain. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 109(42), 17058-17062. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1205828109 (TMS, 30 osób)
      Nierealistyczny optymizm
1035. Sharot, T., Korn, C. W., & Dolan, R. J. (2011). How unrealistic optimism is maintained in the face of reality. Nature Neuroscience, 14(11), 1475-1479. https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.2949 (źródło obszarów wybranych z góry w pracy Chen i in., 2019)
      Efekt wiedzy po fakcieNierealistyczny optymizm
1036. Shekhar, M., & Rahnev, D. (2018). Distinguishing the roles of dorsolateral and anterior PFC in visual metacognition. The Journal of Neuroscience, 38(22), 5078-5087. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3484-17.2018 (stymulacja, 18 osób w analizie)
      Nadmierna precyzja
1037. Shewach, O. R., Sackett, P. R., & Quint, S. (2019). Stereotype threat effects in settings with features likely versus unlikely in operational test settings: A meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 104(12), 1514-1534. https://doi.org/10.1037/apl0000420 (212 prób z dorosłymi)
      Zagrożenie stereotypem
1038. Shikishima, C., Hiraishi, K., Yamagata, S., Ando, J., & Okada, M. (2015). Genetic factors of individual differences in decision making in economic behavior: A Japanese twin study using the Allais problem. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, Article 1712. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01712 (1199 bliźniąt)
      Efekt pewności
1039. Shoda, Y., Mischel, W., & Peake, P. K. (1990). Predicting adolescent cognitive and self-regulatory competencies from preschool delay of gratification: Identifying diagnostic conditions. Developmental Psychology, 26(6), 978-986. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.26.6.978 (185 osób, wyniki SAT od 94, kluczowa grupa 35)
      Test pianki Marshmallow
1040. Shokri-Kojori, E., Wang, G.-J., Wiers, C. E., Demiral, S. B., Guo, M., Kim, S. W., Lindgren, E., Ramirez, V., Zehra, A., Freeman, C., Miller, G., Manza, P., Srivastava, T., De Santi, S., Tomasi, D., Benveniste, H., & Volkow, N. D. (2018). β-Amyloid accumulation in the human brain after one night of sleep deprivation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 115(17), 4483-4488. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1721694115
      Sen
1041. Siclari, F., Baird, B., Perogamvros, L., Bernardi, G., LaRocque, J. J., Riedner, B., Boly, M., Postle, B. R., & Tononi, G. (2017). The neural correlates of dreaming. Nature Neuroscience, 20(6), 872-878. https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.4545
      SenŚwiadomość
1042. Siev, J., Zuckerman, S. E., & Siev, J. J. (2018). The relationship between immorality and cleansing: A meta-analysis of the Macbeth effect. Social Psychology, 49(5), 303-309. https://doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335/a000349 (metaanaliza, 15 badań)
      Efekt Makbeta
1043. Siletti i wsp., Science 382:eadd7046 (2023) doi:10.1126/science.add7046 (3 dawców, ponad 3 mln jąder komórkowych)
      Mózg w liczbach
1044. Simmons, J. P., & Simonsohn, U. (2017). Power posing: P-curving the evidence. Psychological Science, 28(5), 687-693. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797616658563 (komentarz, 33 eksperymenty)
      Pozy siły (power posing)
1045. Simmons, J., & Nelson, L. (2013, 19 grudnia). [11] "Exactly": The most famous framing effect is robust to precise wording. Data Colada. https://datacolada.org/11
      Efekt framingu
1046. Simons, D. J. (2010). Monkeying around with the gorillas in our midst: Familiarity with an inattentional-blindness task does not improve the detection of unexpected events. i-Perception, 1(1), 3-6. https://doi.org/10.1068/i0386 (76 osób, 64 w analizie)
      Ślepota pozauwagowa
1047. Simons, D. J., & Chabris, C. F. (1999). Gorillas in our midst: Sustained inattentional blindness for dynamic events. Perception, 28(9), 1059-1074. https://doi.org/10.1068/p281059
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1048. Simons, D. J., & Levin, D. T. (1998). Failure to detect changes to people during a real-world interaction. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 5(4), 644-649. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03208840 (15 i 12 przechodniów)
      Niewidzenie zmian
1049. Simons, D. J., & Rensink, R. A. (2005). Change blindness: Past, present, and future. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 9(1), 16-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2004.11.006 (przegląd)
      Niewidzenie zmian
1050. Simons, D. J., & Schlosser, M. D. (2017). Inattentional blindness for a gun during a simulated police vehicle stop. Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, 2(1), Article 37. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41235-017-0074-3 (175 osób, plan zarejestrowany przed badaniem)
      Ślepota pozauwagowa
1051. Simons, D. J., Boot, W. R., Charness, N., Gathercole, S. E., Chabris, C. F., Hambrick, D. Z., & Stine-Morrow, E. A. L. (2016). Do “Brain-Training” Programs Work? Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 17(3), 103-186. https://doi.org/10.1177/1529100616661983
      Uwaga
1052. Simons, D. J., Hults, C. M., & Ding, Y. (2024). Individual differences in inattentional blindness. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 31(4), 1471-1502. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-023-02431-x (metaanaliza, 74 grupy badanych)
      Ślepota pozauwagowa
1053. Slavich, G. M., Shields, G. S., Deal, B. D., Gregory, A., & Toussaint, L. L. (2019). Alleviating social pain: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of forgiveness and acetaminophen. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 53(12), 1045-1054. https://doi.org/10.1093/abm/kaz015
      Ból
1054. Sleegers, W. W. A., Proulx, T., & van Beest, I. (2021). Pupillometry and hindsight bias: Physiological arousal predicts compensatory behavior. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 12(7), 1146-1154. https://doi.org/10.1177/1948550620966153 (eye-tracking, 44 i 50 osób)
      Efekt wiedzy po fakcie
1055. Slotnick, S. D., & Schacter, D. L. (2004). A sensory signature that distinguishes true from false memories. Nature Neuroscience, 7(6), 664-672. https://doi.org/10.1038/nn1252 (fMRI)
      Fałszywe wspomnienia
1056. Smith, E., Theis, H., van Eimeren, T., Knauth, K., Tuzsus, D., Zhang, L., Mathar, D., & Peters, J. (2025). Dopamine and temporal discounting: Revisiting pharmacology and individual differences. The Journal of Neuroscience, 45(49), Article e0786252025. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0786-25.2025 (76 osób, preregistracja)
      Dyskontowanie odroczonych nagród
1057. Smith, J. D., Beran, M. J., Couchman, J. J., Coutinho, M. V. C., & Boomer, J. B. (2009). Animal metacognition: Problems and prospects. Comparative Cognition & Behavior Reviews, 4, 40-53. https://doi.org/10.3819/ccbr.2009.40004
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1058. Smith, K. M., & Apicella, C. L. (2017). Winners, losers, and posers: The effect of power poses on testosterone and risk-taking following competition. Hormones and Behavior, 92, 172-181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2016.11.003 (247 mężczyzn)
      Pozy siły (power posing)
1059. Smitizsky, G., Liu, W., & Gneezy, U. (2021). The endowment effect: Loss aversion or a buy-sell discrepancy? Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 150(9), 1890-1900. https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0000880
      Efekt posiadania
1060. Sneddon, L. U., Braithwaite, V. A., & Gentle, M. J. (2003). Do fishes have nociceptors? Evidence for the evolution of a vertebrate sensory system. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, 270(1520), 1115-1121. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2003.2349
      Świadomość
1061. Sobkow, A., Surowski, M., Olszewska, A., i in. (2022). Conceptual replication study of fifteen JDM effects: Insights from the Polish sample. Polish Psychological Bulletin, 53(3), 138-151. https://doi.org/10.24425/ppb.2022.141862 (202 osoby)
      Efekt framinguEfekt zakotwiczeniaEfekt utopionych kosztów
1062. Sohal, V. S., Zhang, F., Yizhar, O., & Deisseroth, K. (2009). Parvalbumin neurons and gamma rhythms enhance cortical circuit performance. Nature, 459(7247), 698-702. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature07991
      Fale mózgowe
1063. Sokol-Hessner, P., Camerer, C. F., & Phelps, E. A. (2013). Emotion regulation reduces loss aversion and decreases amygdala responses to losses. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 8(3), 341-350. https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nss002 (47 osób, fMRI)
      Awersja do strat
1064. Soler, M., Colmenero, J. M., Pérez-Contreras, T., & Peralta-Sánchez, J. M. (2020). Replication of the mirror mark test experiment in the magpie (Pica pica) does not provide evidence of self-recognition. Journal of Comparative Psychology, 134(4), 363-371. https://doi.org/10.1037/com0000223
      Świadomość
1065. Soll, J. B., & Klayman, J. (2004). Overconfidence in interval estimates. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 30(2), 299-314. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.30.2.299
      Nadmierna precyzja
1066. Soman, D. (2001). The mental accounting of sunk time costs: Why time is not like money. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 14(3), 169-185. https://doi.org/10.1002/bdm.370
      Efekt utopionych kosztów
1067. Somerville, L. H. (2016). Searching for signatures of brain maturity: What are we searching for? Neuron, 92(6), 1164-1167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2016.10.059
      Od mikrosekund do dekad
1068. Soon, C. S., Brass, M., Heinze, H.-J., & Haynes, J.-D. (2008). Unconscious determinants of free decisions in the human brain. Nature Neuroscience, 11(5), 543-545. https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.2112
      Świadomość
1069. Sorrells, S. F., Paredes, M. F., Cebrian-Silla, A., Sandoval, K., Qi, D., Kelley, K. W., James, D., Mayer, S., Chang, J., Auguste, K. I., Chang, E. F., Gutierrez, A. J., Kriegstein, A. R., Mathern, G. W., Oldham, M. C., Huang, E. J., Garcia-Verdugo, J. M., Yang, Z., & Alvarez-Buylla, A. (2018). Human hippocampal neurogenesis drops sharply in children to undetectable levels in adults. Nature, 555(7696), 377-381. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature25975
      Od mikrosekund do dekadMózg w liczbach
1070. Soula, M., Martín-Ávila, A., Zhang, Y., Dhingra, A., Nitzan, N., Sadowski, M. J., Gan, W.-B., & Buzsáki, G. (2023). Forty-hertz light stimulation does not entrain native gamma oscillations in Alzheimer's disease model mice. Nature Neuroscience, 26(4), 570-578. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-023-01270-2
      Fale mózgowe
1071. Soutschek, A., Moisa, M., Ruff, C. C., & Tobler, P. N. (2020). The right temporoparietal junction enables delay of gratification by allowing decision makers to focus on future events. PLOS Biology, 18(8), Article e3000800. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3000800 (cTBS, 30 i 30 osób)
      Dyskontowanie odroczonych nagród
1072. Spalding, K. L., Bergmann, O., Alkass, K., Bernard, S., Salehpour, M., Huttner, H. B., Boström, E., Westerlund, I., Vial, C., Buchholz, B. A., Possnert, G., Mash, D. C., Druid, H., & Frisén, J. (2013). Dynamics of hippocampal neurogenesis in adult humans. Cell, 153(6), 1219-1227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2013.05.002
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1073. Spalding, K. L., Bhardwaj, R. D., Buchholz, B. A., Druid, H., & Frisén, J. (2005). Retrospective birth dating of cells in humans. Cell, 122(1), 133-143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2005.04.028
      Od mikrosekund do dekad
1074. Spatt, J. (2002). Déjà Vu: Possible Parahippocampal Mechanisms. The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 14(1), 6-10. https://doi.org/10.1176/jnp.14.1.6
      Déjà vu
1075. Speckmann, F., & Unkelbach, C. (2022). Monetary incentives do not reduce the repetition-induced truth effect. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 29(3), 1045-1052. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-021-02046-0
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1076. Spektor, M. S., Bhatia, S., & Gluth, S. (2021). The elusiveness of context effects in decision making. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 25(10), 843-854. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2021.07.011 (przegląd)
      Efekt wabika
1077. Spektor, M. S., Kellen, D., & Hotaling, J. M. (2018). When the good looks bad: An experimental exploration of the repulsion effect. Psychological Science, 29(8), 1309-1320. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797618779041
      Efekt wabika
1078. Spencer, S. J., Steele, C. M., & Quinn, D. M. (1999). Stereotype threat and women's math performance. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 35(1), 4-28. https://doi.org/10.1006/jesp.1998.1373 (trzy badania, 56, 54 i 67 osób)
      Zagrożenie stereotypem
1079. Sperber, J. F., Vandell, D. L., Duncan, G. J., & Watts, T. W. (2024). Delay of gratification and adult outcomes: The Marshmallow Test does not reliably predict adult functioning. Child Development, 95(6), 2015-2029. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.14129 (702 osoby w wieku 26 lat)
      Test pianki Marshmallow
1080. Sperling, G. (1960). The information available in brief visual presentations. Psychological Monographs: General and Applied, 74(11, Whole No. 498), 1-29. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0093759
      Świadomość
1081. Spiers, H. J., Love, B. C., Le Pelley, M. E., Gibb, C. E., & Murphy, R. A. (2017). Anterior temporal lobe tracks the formation of prejudice. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 29(3), 530-544. https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01056 (fMRI, 18 osób w analizie)
      Iluzoryczna korelacja
1082. St. Jacques, P. L., Kragel, P. A., & Rubin, D. C. (2011). Dynamic neural networks supporting memory retrieval. NeuroImage, 57(2), 608-616. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.04.039 (fMRI, 14 osób)
      Heurystyka dostępności
1083. Stadler, M. A., Roediger, H. L., & McDermott, K. B. (1999). Norms for word lists that create false memories. Memory & Cognition, 27(3), 494-500. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03211543 (36 list, 205 osób)
      Fałszywe wspomnienia
1084. Stange, M., & Dixon, M. J. (2020). Scratch card near-miss outcomes increase the urge to gamble, but do not impact further gambling behaviour: A pre-registered replication and extension. Journal of Gambling Studies, 36(3), 887-902. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-020-09932-7 (137 osób)
      Efekt prawie wygranej
1085. Stange, M., Graydon, C., & Dixon, M. J. (2016). “I was that close”: Investigating players’ reactions to losses, wins, and near-misses on scratch cards. Journal of Gambling Studies, 32(1), 187-203. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-015-9538-x
      Efekt prawie wygranej
1086. Stange, M., Graydon, C., & Dixon, M. J. (2017). Increased urge to gamble following near-miss outcomes may drive purchasing behaviour in scratch card gambling. Journal of Gambling Studies, 33(3), 867-879. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-016-9662-2 (65 osób)
      Efekt prawie wygranej
1087. Staresina, B. P., Bergmann, T. O., Bonnefond, M., van der Meij, R., Jensen, O., Deuker, L., Elger, C. E., Axmacher, N., & Fell, J. (2015). Hierarchical nesting of slow oscillations, spindles and ripples in the human hippocampus during sleep. Nature Neuroscience, 18(11), 1679-1686. https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.4119
      Sen
1088. Stark, S., Stark, C., Wong, B., & Brin, M. F. (2023). Modulation of amygdala activity for emotional faces due to botulinum toxin type A injections that prevent frowning. Scientific Reports, 13, Article 3333. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-29280-x (fMRI, pilotaż, 10 kobiet)
      Mimiczne sprzężenie zwrotne
1089. Stauffer, W. R., Lak, A., Bossaerts, P., & Schultz, W. (2015). Economic choices reveal probability distortion in macaque monkeys. The Journal of Neuroscience, 35(7), 3146-3154. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3653-14.2015 (2 makaki)
      Efekt pewności
1090. Steele, C. M., & Aronson, J. (1995). Stereotype threat and the intellectual test performance of African Americans. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69(5), 797-811. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.69.5.797 (cztery badania, 114, 40, 68 i 44 osoby w analizie)
      Zagrożenie stereotypem
1091. Steiger, A., & Kühberger, A. (2018). A meta-analytic re-appraisal of the framing effect. Zeitschrift für Psychologie, 226(1), 45-55. https://doi.org/10.1027/2151-2604/a000321
      Efekt framingu
1092. Steinberg, E. E., Keiflin, R., Boivin, J. R., Witten, I. B., Deisseroth, K., & Janak, P. H. (2013). A causal link between prediction errors, dopamine neurons and learning. Nature Neuroscience, 16(7), 966-973. https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.3413
      Dopamina
1093. Stengård, E., Juslin, P., Hahn, U., & van den Berg, R. (2022). On the generality and cognitive basis of base-rate neglect. Cognition, 226, Article 105160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2022.105160 (40 osób w laboratorium i 289 przez internet)
      Pomijanie częstości bazowej
1094. Stephens, R., & Robertson, O. (2020). Swearing as a response to pain: Assessing hypoalgesic effects of novel "swear" words. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 723. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00723
      Ból
1095. Sterczyński, R., Sweklej, J., & Woliński, B. (2011). Niewidzenie zmian, jako skutek uwagi intensywnej [Change blindness as a result of intensive attention]. Studia Psychologiczne, 49(3), 75-82. https://doi.org/10.2478/v10167-010-0028-6 (polska nazwa zjawiska)
      Niewidzenie zmian
1096. Sterling A. human-brain (repozytorium GitHub, dziś niedostępne): pliki pośrednie danych (wybór komórek, siatki), na których opiera się część scen Atlasu.
      PodróżNeurony
1097. Stevens, M. W. R., Dorstyn, D., Delfabbro, P. H., & King, D. L. (2021). Global prevalence of gaming disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 55(6), 553-568. https://doi.org/10.1177/0004867420962851
      Dopamina
1098. Stickgold, R., Malia, A., Maguire, D., Roddenberry, D., & O'Connor, M. (2000). Replaying the game: Hypnagogic images in normals and amnesics. Science, 290(5490), 350-353. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.290.5490.350
      Sen
1099. Stockart, F., Schreiber, M., Amerio, P., Carmel, D., Cleeremans, A., Deouell, L. Y., Dienes, Z., Elosegi, P., Gayet, S., Goldstein, A., Halchin, A.-M., Hesselmann, G., Kimchi, R., Lamy, D., Loued-Khenissi, L., Meyen, S., Micher, N., Pitts, M., Salomon, R., Sandberg, K., Schnepf, I. A., Schurger, A., Shanks, D. R., Soto, D., Tal, A., Trübutschek, D., Vadillo, M. A., van Gaal, S., Yaron, I., Zheng, Z., Faivre, N., & Mudrik, L. (2025). Studying unconscious processing: Contention and consensus. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 1-77. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X25101489
      Świadomość
1100. Stoet, G., & Geary, D. C. (2012). Can stereotype threat explain the gender gap in mathematics performance and achievement? Review of General Psychology, 16(1), 93-102. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0026617 (przegląd 20 prób powtórzenia i metaanaliza 19)
      Zagrożenie stereotypem
1101. Stoffel, S. T., Yang, J., Vlaev, I., & von Wagner, C. (2019). Testing the decoy effect to increase interest in colorectal cancer screening. PLoS ONE, 14(3), Article e0213668. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0213668 (506 i 903 osoby)
      Efekt wabika
1102. Stone, J. L., & Hughes, J. R. (2013). Early history of electroencephalography and establishment of the American Clinical Neurophysiology Society. Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology, 30(1), 28-44. https://doi.org/10.1097/WNP.0b013e31827edb2d
      Fale mózgowe
1103. Stothart, C., Mitchum, A., & Yehnert, C. (2015). The attentional cost of receiving a cell phone notification. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 41(4), 893-897. https://doi.org/10.1037/xhp0000100
      Uwaga
1104. Strack, F. (2016). Reflection on the Smiling Registered Replication Report. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 11(6), 929-930. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691616674460 (komentarz do powtórzenia)
      Mimiczne sprzężenie zwrotne
1105. Strack, F., & Mussweiler, T. (1997). Explaining the enigmatic anchoring effect: Mechanisms of selective accessibility. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73(3), 437-446. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.73.3.437
      Efekt zakotwiczenia
1106. Strack, F., Martin, L. L., & Stepper, S. (1988). Inhibiting and facilitating conditions of the human smile: A nonobtrusive test of the facial feedback hypothesis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(5), 768-777. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.54.5.768 (dwa badania, 92 i 83 osoby)
      Mimiczne sprzężenie zwrotne
1107. Strayer, D. L., & Johnston, W. A. (2001). Driven to Distraction: Dual-Task Studies of Simulated Driving and Conversing on a Cellular Telephone. Psychological Science, 12(6), 462-466. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9280.00386
      Uwaga
1108. Strayer, D. L., Drews, F. A., & Crouch, D. J. (2006). A Comparison of the Cell Phone Driver and the Drunk Driver. Human Factors, 48(2), 381-391. https://doi.org/10.1518/001872006777724471
      Uwaga
1109. Stump, A., Wüstenberg, T., Rouder, J. N., & Voss, A. (2025). The face of illusory truth: Repetition of information elicits affective facial reactions predicting judgments of truth. Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, 25(3), 769-782. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13415-025-01266-4 (pomiar mięśni twarzy, 75 osób)
      Efekt iluzorycznej prawdy
1110. Su, Z., Garvert, M. M., Zhang, L., Vogel, T. A., Cutler, J., Husain, M., Manohar, S. G., & Lockwood, P. L. (2025). Dorsomedial and ventromedial prefrontal cortex lesions differentially impact social influence and temporal discounting. PLOS Biology, 23(4), Article e3003079. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3003079 (33 osoby z uszkodzeniem przyśrodkowej kory przedczołowej, 17 z uszkodzeniem w innym miejscu, 71 zdrowych)
      Dyskontowanie odroczonych nagród
1111. Sumantry, D., & Stewart, K. E. (2021). Meditation, Mindfulness, and Attention: a Meta-analysis. Mindfulness, 12(6), 1332-1349. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-021-01593-w
      Uwaga
1112. Sun, Q., Zhang, H., Sai, L., & Hu, F. (2018). Self-distancing reduces probability-weighting biases. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, Article 611. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00611
      Efekt pewności
1113. Suwanaposee, P., Gutwin, C., Chen, Z., & Cockburn, A. (2023). 'Specially for you': Examining the Barnum effect's influence on the perceived quality of system recommendations. W Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (s. 1-11). ACM. https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3580656 (492 osoby)
      Efekt Barnuma
1114. Sweis, B. M., Abram, S. V., Schmidt, B. J., Seeland, K. D., MacDonald, A. W., Thomas, M. J., & Redish, A. D. (2018). Sensitivity to "sunk costs" in mice, rats, and humans. Science, 361(6398), 178-181. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aar8644
      Efekt utopionych kosztów
1115. Szaszi, B., Higney, A., Charlton, A., Gelman, A., Ziano, I., Aczel, B., Goldstein, D. G., Yeager, D. S., & Tipton, E. (2022). No reason to expect large and consistent effects of nudge interventions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 119(31), Article e2200732119. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2200732119
      Efekt opcji domyślnej
1116. Szpunar, K. K., Schellenberg, E. G., & Pliner, P. (2004). Liking and memory for musical stimuli as a function of exposure. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 30(2), 370-381. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.30.2.370 (trzy eksperymenty, 150 studentów)
      Efekt czystej ekspozycji
1117. Szpunar, K. K., Watson, J. M., & McDermott, K. B. (2007). Neural substrates of envisioning the future. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 104(2), 642-647. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0610082104 (fMRI, 21 osób)
      Złudzenie planowania
1118. Taiminen, T., & Jääskeläinen, S. K. (2001). Intense and recurrent déjà vu experiences related to amantadine and phenylpropanolamine in a healthy male. Journal of Clinical Neuroscience, 8(5), 460-462. https://doi.org/10.1054/jocn.2000.0810
      Déjà vu
1119. Tajfel, H., Billig, M. G., Bundy, R. P., & Flament, C. (1971). Social categorization and intergroup behaviour. European Journal of Social Psychology, 1(2), 149-178. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.2420010202 (oryginał)
      Faworyzowanie grupy własnej
1120. Takahashi, H., Matsui, H., Camerer, C., Takano, H., Kodaka, F., Ideno, T., Okubo, S., Takemura, K., Arakawa, R., Eguchi, Y., Murai, T., Okubo, Y., Kato, M., Ito, H., & Suhara, T. (2010). Dopamine D1 receptors and nonlinear probability weighting in risky choice. The Journal of Neuroscience, 30(49), 16567-16572. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3933-10.2010 (PET, 18 mężczyzn w badaniu receptorów D1)
      Efekt pewności
1121. Talamas, S. N., Mavor, K. I., & Perrett, D. I. (2016). Blinded by beauty: Attractiveness bias and accurate perceptions of academic performance. PLOS ONE, 11(2), Article e0148284. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0148284
      Efekt aureoli
1122. Talmi, D., Hurlemann, R., Patin, A., & Dolan, R. J. (2010). Framing effect following bilateral amygdala lesion. Neuropsychologia, 48(6), 1823-1827. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2010.03.005 (2 pacjentki z chorobą Urbacha-Wiethego i grupa kontrolna)
      Efekt framingu
1123. Tamaki, M., Bang, J. W., Watanabe, T., & Sasaki, Y. (2016). Night watch in one brain hemisphere during sleep associated with the first-night effect in humans. Current Biology, 26(9), 1190-1194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2016.02.063
      SenMózg w liczbach
1124. Tamir, D. I., & Mitchell, J. P. (2010). Neural correlates of anchoring-and-adjustment during mentalizing. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 107(24), 10827-10832. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1003242107 (fMRI, 64 osoby)
      Efekt zakotwiczeniaEfekt fałszywej zgodności
1125. Tang i wsp., Synapse 41:258-273 (2001) doi:10.1002/syn.1083 (n = 5, młodzi mężczyźni, mikroskopia elektronowa)
      Mózg w liczbach
1126. Tao i wsp., J Neurosci 38:1493-1510 (2018) doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1548-17.2017 (szczur, hodowle neuronów hipokampa, tkanka nieutrwalona)
      Mózg w liczbach
1127. Tao, J. X., Baldwin, M., Hawes-Ebersole, S., & Ebersole, J. S. (2007). Cortical substrates of scalp EEG epileptiform discharges. Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology, 24(2), 96-100. https://doi.org/10.1097/WNP.0b013e31803ecdaf
      Fale mózgowe
1128. Tao, J. X., Ray, A., Hawes-Ebersole, S., & Ebersole, J. S. (2005). Intracranial EEG substrates of scalp EEG interictal spikes. Epilepsia, 46(5), 669-676. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1528-1167.2005.11404.x
      Fale mózgowe
1129. Taya, F., Gupta, S., Farber, I., & Mullette-Gillman, O. A. (2014). Manipulation detection and preference alterations in a choice blindness paradigm. PLOS ONE, 9(9), Article e108515. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0108515 (32 osoby)
      Ślepota wyboru
1130. Teigen, K. H., & Jørgensen, M. (2005). When 90% confidence intervals are 50% certain: On the credibility of credible intervals. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 19(4), 455-475. https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.1085 (pięć eksperymentów)
      Nadmierna precyzja
1131. Tentori, K., Crupi, V., & Russo, S. (2013). On the determinants of the conjunction fallacy: Probability versus inductive confirmation. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 142(1), 235-255. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0028770
      Błąd koniunkcji
1132. Testa-Silva, G., Verhoog, M. B., Linaro, D., de Kock, C. P. J., Baayen, J. C., Meredith, R. M., De Zeeuw, C. I., Giugliano, M., & Mansvelder, H. D. (2014). High bandwidth synaptic communication and frequency tracking in human neocortex. PLoS Biology, 12(11), e1002007. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1002007
      Od mikrosekund do dekadMózg w liczbach
1133. Thakral, P. P. (2011). The neural substrates associated with inattentional blindness. Consciousness and Cognition, 20(4), 1768-1775. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2011.03.013 (fMRI)
      Ślepota pozauwagowa
1134. Thannickal, T. C., Moore, R. Y., Nienhuis, R., Ramanathan, L., Gulyani, S., Aldrich, M., Cornford, M., & Siegel, J. M. (2000). Reduced number of hypocretin neurons in human narcolepsy. Neuron, 27(3), 469-474. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0896-6273(00)00058-1
      Sen
1135. Thiebaut de Schotten M et al. A lateralized brain network for visuospatial attention. Nat Neurosci 14(10):1245-1246 (2011). doi:10.1038/nn.2905 (praca źródłowa łańcucha „Patrzysz na tę wizualizację”)
      Istota biała
1136. Thomas, C., & Baker, C. I. (2013). Teaching an adult brain new tricks: A critical review of evidence for training-dependent structural plasticity in humans. NeuroImage, 73, 225-236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.03.069
      Od mikrosekund do dekad
1137. Thomas, K. E., & König, C. J. (2018). Knowledge of previous tasks: Task similarity influences bias in task duration predictions. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, Article 760. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00760 (trzy eksperymenty)
      Złudzenie planowania
1138. Thorndike, E. L. (1920). A constant error in psychological ratings. Journal of Applied Psychology, 4(1), 25-29. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0071663
      Efekt aureoli
1139. Thorpe, S., Fize, D., & Marlot, C. (1996). Speed of processing in the human visual system. Nature, 381(6582), 520-522. https://doi.org/10.1038/381520a0
      Od mikrosekund do dekad
1140. Thut, G., Nietzel, A., Brandt, S. A., & Pascual-Leone, A. (2006). α-Band electroencephalographic activity over occipital cortex indexes visuospatial attention bias and predicts visual target detection. The Journal of Neuroscience, 26(37), 9494-9502. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0875-06.2006
      Fale mózgowe
1141. Tian, Y., Margulies, D. S., Breakspear, M., & Zalesky, A. (2020). Topographic organization of the human subcortex unveiled with functional connectivity gradients. Nature Neuroscience, 23(11), 1421-1432. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-020-00711-6
      BólSenDopaminaDéjà vuStrona działuEfekt framinguEfekt zakotwiczeniaEfekt wabikaEfekt opcji domyślnejEfekt pewnościAwersja do stratEfekt utopionych kosztówEfekt posiadaniaDyskontowanie odroczonych nagródZłudzenie gracza i gorąca rękaEfekt prawie wygranejHeurystyka dostępnościEfekt iluzorycznej prawdyBłąd konfirmacjiNadmierna precyzjaFałszywe wspomnieniaŚlepota wyboruEfekt czystej ekspozycjiZłudzenie planowaniaEfekt BarnumaEfekt aureoliPodstawowy błąd atrybucjiEfekt fałszywej zgodnościFaworyzowanie grupy własnejIluzoryczna korelacjaStruktury głębokiei 25 innych stron
1142. Tobler, P. N., Christopoulos, G. I., O’Doherty, J. P., Dolan, R. J., & Schultz, W. (2008). Neuronal distortions of reward probability without choice. The Journal of Neuroscience, 28(45), 11703-11711. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2870-08.2008 (fMRI, 16 osób)
      Efekt pewności
1143. Todd, J. J., Fougnie, D., & Marois, R. (2005). Visual short-term memory load suppresses temporo-parietal junction activity and induces inattentional blindness. Psychological Science, 16(12), 965-972. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2005.01645.x (obrazowanie mózgu)
      Ślepota pozauwagowa
1144. Todorov, A., Olivola, C. Y., Dotsch, R., & Mende-Siedlecki, P. (2015). Social attributions from faces: Determinants, consequences, accuracy, and functional significance. Annual Review of Psychology, 66(1), 519-545. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-113011-143831 (przegląd)
      Efekt aureoli
1145. Toffa, D. H., Bou Assi, E., Pépin, C., Martineau, L., Robert, M., Bouthillier, A., & Nguyen, D. K. (2022). Déjà-vu evoked by electrical stimulation of the insula. Epileptic Disorders, 24(3), 561-566. https://doi.org/10.1684/epd.2022.1433
      Déjà vu
1146. Tom, S. M., Fox, C. R., Trepel, C., & Poldrack, R. A. (2007). The neural basis of loss aversion in decision-making under risk. Science, 315(5811), 515-518. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1134239 (fMRI, zakłady 50 na 50)
      Awersja do strat
1147. Tong, F., Nakayama, K., Vaughan, J. T., & Kanwisher, N. (1998). Binocular rivalry and visual awareness in human extrastriate cortex. Neuron, 21(4), 753-759. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0896-6273(00)80592-9
      Świadomość
1148. Tong, L. C. P., Ye, K. J., Asai, K., Ertac, S., List, J. A., Nusbaum, H. C., & Hortaçsu, A. (2016). Trading experience modulates anterior insula to reduce the endowment effect. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 113(33), 9238-9243. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1519853113 (badanie 1: 30 osób; badanie 2: 15 osób, dwa skany w odstępie dwóch miesięcy)
      Efekt posiadania
1149. Tononi, G., & Cirelli, C. (2014). Sleep and the price of plasticity: From synaptic and cellular homeostasis to memory consolidation and integration. Neuron, 81(1), 12-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2013.12.025
      Sen
1150. Tononi, G., Albantakis, L., Barbosa, L., Boly, M., Cirelli, C., Comolatti, R., Ellia, F., Findlay, G., Casali, A. G., Grasso, M., Haun, A. M., Hendren, J., Hoel, E., Koch, C., Maier, A., Marshall, W., Massimini, M., Mayner, W. G. P., Oizumi, M., Szczotka, J., Tsuchiya, N., & Zaeemzadeh, A. (2025). Consciousness or pseudo-consciousness? A clash of two paradigms. Nature Neuroscience, 28(4), 694-702. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-025-01880-y
      Świadomość
1151. Trappey, C. (1996). A meta-analysis of consumer choice and subliminal advertising. Psychology & Marketing, 13(5), 517-530. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1520-6793(199608)13:5<517::AID-MAR5>3.0.CO;2-C
      Świadomość
1152. Traynelis, S. F., Wollmuth, L. P., McBain, C. J., Menniti, F. S., Vance, K. M., Ogden, K. K., Hansen, K. B., Yuan, H., Myers, S. J., & Dingledine, R. (2010). Glutamate receptor ion channels: Structure, regulation, and function. Pharmacological Reviews, 62(3), 405-496. https://doi.org/10.1124/pr.109.002451
      Od mikrosekund do dekad
1153. Treadway, M. T., Buckholtz, J. W., Cowan, R. L., Woodward, N. D., Li, R., Ansari, M. S., Baldwin, R. M., Schwartzman, A. N., Kessler, R. M., & Zald, D. H. (2012). Dopaminergic Mechanisms of Individual Differences in Human Effort-Based Decision-Making. The Journal of Neuroscience, 32(18), 6170-6176. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.6459-11.2012
      Dopamina
1154. Treede, R.-D., Rief, W., Barke, A., Aziz, Q., Bennett, M. I., Benoliel, R., Cohen, M., Evers, S., Finnerup, N. B., First, M. B., Giamberardino, M. A., Kaasa, S., Korwisi, B., Kosek, E., Lavand'homme, P., Nicholas, M., Perrot, S., Scholz, J., Schug, S., ... Wang, S.-J. (2019). Chronic pain as a symptom or a disease: The IASP Classification of Chronic Pain for the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11). Pain, 160(1), 19-27. https://doi.org/10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001384
      Ból
1155. Treue, S., & Martínez Trujillo, J. C. (1999). Feature-based attention influences motion processing gain in macaque visual cortex. Nature, 399(6736), 575-579. https://doi.org/10.1038/21176
      Uwaga
1156. Trif, S. R., Rus, C., Manole, E., & Duma, O. C. (2022). How well do we know ourselves? Disentangling self-judgment biases in perceived accuracy and preference of personality feedback. Psihologia Resurselor Umane, 20(2), 101-111. https://doi.org/10.24837/pru.v20i2.518 (146 studentów)
      Efekt Barnuma
1157. Trueblood, J. S., Liu, Y., Murrow, M., Hayes, W. M., & Holmes, W. R. (2026). Attentional dynamics explain the elusive nature of context effects. Psychological Review, 133(5), 1129-1151. https://doi.org/10.1037/rev0000606
      Efekt wabika
1158. Tseng, P., Hsu, T.-Y., Chang, C.-F., Tzeng, O. J. L., Hung, D. L., Muggleton, N. G., Walsh, V., Liang, W.-K., Cheng, S.-k., & Juan, C.-H. (2012). Unleashing potential: Transcranial direct current stimulation over the right posterior parietal cortex improves change detection in low-performing individuals. The Journal of Neuroscience, 32(31), 10554-10561. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0362-12.2012 (stymulacja prądem stałym, 9 i 20 osób)
      Niewidzenie zmian
1159. Tseng, P., Hsu, T.-Y., Muggleton, N. G., Tzeng, O. J. L., Hung, D. L., & Juan, C.-H. (2010). Posterior parietal cortex mediates encoding and maintenance processes in change blindness. Neuropsychologia, 48(4), 1063-1070. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2009.12.005 (stymulacja magnetyczna, 10 osób i 10 przy stymulacji pozorowanej)
      Niewidzenie zmian
1160. Tsotsos, J. K. (1990). Analyzing vision at the complexity level. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 13(3), 423-445. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00079577
      Uwaga
1161. Tsukiura, T., & Cabeza, R. (2011). Shared brain activity for aesthetic and moral judgments: Implications for the Beauty-is-Good stereotype. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 6(1), 138-148. https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsq025 (fMRI, 20 osób)
      Efekt aureoli
1162. Tsuzuki, T., Takeda, Y., & Chiba, I. (2019). Effortful processing reduces the attraction effect in multi-alternative decision making: An electrophysiological study using a task-irrelevant probe technique. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, Article 896. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00896 (EEG, 30 osób)
      Efekt wabika
1163. Tunçel, T., & Hammitt, J. K. (2014). A new meta-analysis on the WTP/WTA disparity. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 68(1), 175-187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeem.2014.06.001
      Efekt posiadania
1164. Turatto, M., Sandrini, M., & Miniussi, C. (2004). The role of the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in visual change awareness. NeuroReport, 15(16), 2549-2552. https://doi.org/10.1097/00001756-200411150-00024 (stymulacja magnetyczna)
      Niewidzenie zmian
1165. Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1973). Availability: A heuristic for judging frequency and probability. Cognitive Psychology, 5(2), 207-232. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-0285(73)90033-9 (badanie 3: 152 osoby; badanie 8: 99 i 86 osób)
      Heurystyka dostępności
1166. Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1974). Judgment under uncertainty: Heuristics and biases. Science, 185(4157), 1124-1131. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.185.4157.1124
      Strona działuEfekt zakotwiczenia
1167. Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1981). The framing of decisions and the psychology of choice. Science, 211(4481), 453-458. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.7455683 (problem 1: 152 osoby, problem 2: 155 osób)
      Efekt framingu
1168. Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1983). Extensional versus intuitive reasoning: The conjunction fallacy in probability judgment. Psychological Review, 90(4), 293-315. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.90.4.293
      Błąd koniunkcji
1169. Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1986). Rational choice and the framing of decisions. The Journal of Business, 59(4, Pt. 2), S251-S278. https://doi.org/10.1086/296365 (omówienie badania McNeil i in.)
      Efekt framingu
1170. Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1992). Advances in prospect theory: Cumulative representation of uncertainty. Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, 5(4), 297-323. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00122574 (25 osób, mediana λ = 2,25)
      Awersja do stratMózg w liczbach
1171. Ulatowska, J., & Olszewska, J. (2013). Creating associative memory distortions - a Polish adaptation of the DRM paradigm. Polish Psychological Bulletin, 44(4), 449-456. https://doi.org/10.2478/ppb-2013-0048
      Déjà vuFałszywe wspomnienia
1172. Uncapher, M. R., & Wagner, A. D. (2018). Minds and brains of media multitaskers: Current findings and future directions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 115(40), 9889-9896. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1611612115
      Uwaga
1173. Urquhart, J. A., & O’Connor, A. R. (2014). The awareness of novelty for strangely familiar words: a laboratory analogue of the déjà vu experience. PeerJ, 2, e666. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.666
      Déjà vu
1174. Urquhart, J. A., Sivakumaran, M. H., Macfarlane, J. A., & O’Connor, A. R. (2021). fMRI evidence supporting the role of memory conflict in the déjà vu experience. Memory, 29(7), 921-932. https://doi.org/10.1080/09658211.2018.1524496
      Déjà vu
1175. Ustawa z dnia 1 lipca 2005 r. o pobieraniu, przechowywaniu i przeszczepianiu komórek, tkanek i narządów (Dz.U. 2023 poz. 1185, tekst jednolity). isap.sejm.gov.pl
      Efekt opcji domyślnej
1176. Ustawa z dnia 4 października 2018 r. o pracowniczych planach kapitałowych (Dz.U. 2026 poz. 192, tekst jednolity). isap.sejm.gov.pl
      Efekt opcji domyślnej
1177. Vaccaro, A. G., & Fleming, S. M. (2018). Thinking about thinking: A coordinate-based meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies of metacognitive judgements. Brain and Neuroscience Advances, 2. https://doi.org/10.1177/2398212818810591 (metaanaliza, 47 badań)
      Nadmierna precyzjaEfekt Dunninga-Krugera
1178. Vadillo, M. A., Gold, N., & Osman, M. (2016). The bitter truth about sugar and willpower: The limited evidential value of the glucose model of ego depletion. Psychological Science, 27(9), 1207-1214. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797616654911 (38 wyników z 19 artykułów)
      Wyczerpanie ego
1179. Vallat, R., & Walker, M. P. (2021). An open-source, high-performance tool for automated sleep staging. eLife, 10, Article e70092. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.70092
      Sen
1180. Van Bavel, J. J., Packer, D. J., & Cunningham, W. A. (2008). The neural substrates of in-group bias: A functional magnetic resonance imaging investigation. Psychological Science, 19(11), 1131-1139. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02214.x (fMRI, 22 osoby, 17 w analizie)
      Faworyzowanie grupy własnej
1181. van den Berg, A., Doroc, K., Fu, C., Grossmann, M. R. P., Miller, J. B., & Pavlovic, L. (2026). Replication report: On the robustness and provenance of the gambler’s fallacy by Xiang, Dorst, and Gershman (2025) (I4R Discussion Paper No. 295). Institute for Replication. https://hdl.handle.net/10419/341114
      Złudzenie gracza i gorąca ręka
1182. van den Enden, G., & Geyskens, K. (2021). Attract the best: The attraction effect as an effective strategy to enhance healthy choices. PLoS ONE, 16(11), Article e0259521. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0259521 (237 osób)
      Efekt wabika
1183. van der Helm, E., Yao, J., Dutt, S., Rao, V., Saletin, J. M., & Walker, M. P. (2011). REM sleep depotentiates amygdala activity to previous emotional experiences. Current Biology, 21(23), 2029-2032. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2011.10.052
      Sen
1184. Van Dessel, P., Ratliff, K., Brannon, S. M., Gawronski, B., & De Houwer, J. (2021). Illusory-correlation effects on implicit and explicit evaluation. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 47(10), 1480-1494. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167220977706 (cztery eksperymenty, w każdym ponad 1000 osób w analizie)
      Iluzoryczna korelacja
1185. Van Dongen, H. P. A., Maislin, G., Mullington, J. M., & Dinges, D. F. (2003). The cumulative cost of additional wakefulness: Dose-response effects on neurobehavioral functions and sleep physiology from chronic sleep restriction and total sleep deprivation. Sleep, 26(2), 117-126. https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/26.2.117
      SenMózg w liczbach
1186. Van Doren, J., Arns, M., Heinrich, H., Vollebregt, M. A., Strehl, U., & Loo, S. K. (2019). Sustained effects of neurofeedback in ADHD: A systematic review and meta-analysis. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 28(3), 293-305. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-018-1121-4
      Fale mózgowe
1187. Van Essen i wsp., Cereb Cortex 22:2241-2262 (2012) doi:10.1093/cercor/bhr291 (rezonans magnetyczny, modele powierzchni kory)
      Mózg w liczbach
1188. Van Essen, D. C., Smith, S. M., Barch, D. M., Behrens, T. E. J., Yacoub, E., & Ugurbil, K. (2013). The WU-Minn Human Connectome Project: An overview. NeuroImage, 80, 62-79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.05.041
      BólSenDopaminaUwagaFale mózgoweDéjà vuŚwiadomośćStrona działuEfekt framinguEfekt zakotwiczeniaEfekt wabikaEfekt opcji domyślnejEfekt pewnościAwersja do stratEfekt utopionych kosztówEfekt posiadaniaDyskontowanie odroczonych nagródZłudzenie gracza i gorąca rękaEfekt prawie wygranejBłąd koniunkcjiPomijanie częstości bazowejHeurystyka dostępnościEfekt iluzorycznej prawdyBłąd konfirmacjiEfekt wiedzy po fakcieNadmierna precyzjaŚlepota pozauwagowaNiewidzenie zmianFałszywe wspomnieniaŚlepota wyboruEfekt czystej ekspozycjiNierealistyczny optymizmEfekt Dunninga-KrugeraEfekt ślepej plamkiZłudzenie planowaniaEfekt BarnumaEfekt aureoliPodstawowy błąd atrybucjiEfekt fałszywej zgodnościFaworyzowanie grupy własnejIluzoryczna korelacjaOd mikrosekund do dekadMapa czuciowo-ruchowaIstota białaStruktury głębokieFale spiralneStrona startowa Atlasui 41 innych stron
1189. van Holst, R. J., Chase, H. W., & Clark, L. (2014). Striatal connectivity changes following gambling wins and near-misses: Associations with gambling severity. NeuroImage: Clinical, 5, 232-239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nicl.2014.06.008 (fMRI, 33 osoby, ponowna analiza)
      Efekt prawie wygranej
1190. van Schie, C. C., Chiu, C.-D., Rombouts, S. A. R. B., Heiser, W. J., & Elzinga, B. M. (2018). When compliments do not hit but critiques do: An fMRI study into self-esteem and self-knowledge in processing social feedback. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 13(4), 404-417. https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsy014 (fMRI, 46 kobiet)
      Efekt Barnuma
1191. van Wassenhove, V., Grant, K. W., & Poeppel, D. (2007). Temporal window of integration in auditory-visual speech perception. Neuropsychologia, 45(3), 598-607. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2006.01.001
      Od mikrosekund do dekad
1192. Vartanian, O., Beatty, E. L., Smith, I., Blackler, K., Lam, Q., Forbes, S., & De Neys, W. (2018). The reflective mind: Examining individual differences in susceptibility to base rate neglect with fMRI. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 30(7), 1011-1022. https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01264 (fMRI, 44 osoby)
      Błąd koniunkcjiPomijanie częstości bazowej
1193. Vartanian, O., Lam, T. K., Maceda, E., & De Neys, W. (2021). Can a fast thinker be a good thinker? The neural correlates of base-rate neglect measured using a two-response paradigm. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 38(6), 365-386. https://doi.org/10.1080/02643294.2022.2041589 (fMRI, 24 osoby)
      Błąd koniunkcjiPomijanie częstości bazowej
1194. Vellani, V., Zheng, S., Ercelik, D., & Sharot, T. (2023). The illusory truth effect leads to the spread of misinformation. Cognition, 236, Article 105421. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2023.105421 (260 osób)
      Efekt iluzorycznej prawdy
1195. Verwijmeren, T., Karremans, J. C., Stroebe, W., & Wigboldus, D. H. J. (2011). The workings and limits of subliminal advertising: The role of habits. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 21(2), 206-213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcps.2010.11.004
      Świadomość
1196. Viderman, D., Kalikanov, S., Mukazhan, D., & Nurmukhamed, B. (2026). Neurophysiological, radiological, and molecular biomarkers of pain-related conditions: An umbrella review. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 15(2), 550. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15020550
      Ból
1197. Vogel, G., Mårtensson, J., Mannfolk, P., Hall, L., van Westen, D., & Johansson, P. (2024a). The neural correlates of outcome monitoring and false feedback detection in choice blindness: A fMRI study. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/smecn (fMRI 7 T, 50 osób)
      Ślepota wyboru
1198. Vogel, G., Mårtensson, J., Mannfolk, P., Hall, L., van Westen, D., & Johansson, P. (2024b). Catching the brain in the act of confabulation: A fMRI study. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/e9vg7 (te same dane, chwila uzasadnienia)
      Ślepota wyboru
1199. Vogel, G., Pärnamets, P., Hall, L., & Johansson, P. (2023). Choice blindness without deception: Failures to notice false-feedbacks persist in explicit detection tasks. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/amqwy (200 osób przez internet)
      Ślepota wyboru
1200. Vohs, K. D., Schmeichel, B. J., Lohmann, S., i in. (2021). A multisite preregistered paradigmatic test of the ego-depletion effect. Psychological Science, 32(10), 1566-1581. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797621989733 (36 laboratoriów)
      Wyczerpanie ego
1201. Volkow, N. D. (2021). The epidemic of fentanyl misuse and overdoses: challenges and strategies. World Psychiatry, 20(2), 195-196. https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20846
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1202. Volkow, N. D., Fowler, J. S., Wang, G.-J., Hitzemann, R., Logan, J., Schlyer, D. J., Dewey, S. L., & Wolf, A. P. (1993). Decreased dopamine D2 receptor availability is associated with reduced frontal metabolism in cocaine abusers. Synapse, 14(2), 169-177. https://doi.org/10.1002/syn.890140210
      Dopamina
1203. Volkow, N. D., Wang, G.-J., Fowler, J. S., Logan, J., Gerasimov, M., Maynard, L., Ding, Y.-S., Gatley, S. J., Gifford, A., & Franceschi, D. (2001). Therapeutic Doses of Oral Methylphenidate Significantly Increase Extracellular Dopamine in the Human Brain. The Journal of Neuroscience, 21(2), RC121. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.21-02-j0001.2001
      Dopamina
1204. Volkow, N. D., Wang, G.-J., Telang, F., Fowler, J. S., Logan, J., Childress, A.-R., Jayne, M., Ma, Y., & Wong, C. (2006). Cocaine Cues and Dopamine in Dorsal Striatum: Mechanism of Craving in Cocaine Addiction. Journal of Neuroscience, 26(24), 6583-6588. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1544-06.2006
      Dopamina
1205. Volz, K. G., Kessler, T., & von Cramon, D. Y. (2009). In-group as part of the self: In-group favoritism is mediated by medial prefrontal cortex activation. Social Neuroscience, 4(3), 244-260. https://doi.org/10.1080/17470910802553565 (fMRI, 20 osób, 16 w analizie)
      Faworyzowanie grupy własnej
1206. Volz, K. G., Schooler, L. J., & von Cramon, D. Y. (2010). It just felt right: The neural correlates of the fluency heuristic. Consciousness and Cognition, 19(3), 829-837. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2010.05.014 (fMRI)
      Heurystyka dostępności
1207. Volz, L. J., Hillyard, S. A., Miller, M. B., & Gazzaniga, M. S. (2018). Unifying control over the body: Consciousness and cross-cueing in split-brain patients [Letter to the Editor]. Brain, 141(3), e15. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awx359
      Świadomość
1208. von Bartheld, Bahney i Herculano-Houzel, J Comp Neurol 524:3865-3895 (2016), przegląd doi:10.1002/cne.24040
      Mózg w liczbach
1209. von Krause, M., Radev, S. T., & Voss, A. (2022). Mental speed is high until age 60 as revealed by analysis of over a million participants. Nature Human Behaviour, 6(5), 700-708. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-021-01282-7
      Od mikrosekund do dekad
1210. Vossen, A., Gross, J., & Thut, G. (2015). Alpha power increase after transcranial alternating current stimulation at alpha frequency (α-tACS) reflects plastic changes rather than entrainment. Brain Stimulation, 8(3), 499-508. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brs.2014.12.004
      Fale mózgowe
1211. Votinov, M., Aso, T., Koganemaru, S., Fukuyama, H., & Mima, T. (2013). Transcranial direct current stimulation changes human endowment effect. Neuroscience Research, 76(4), 251-256. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neures.2013.05.007 (tDCS nad prawym dolnym zakrętem czołowym, 12 osób)
      Efekt posiadania
1212. Votinov, M., Mima, T., Aso, T., Abe, M., Sawamoto, N., Shinozaki, J., & Fukuyama, H. (2010). The neural correlates of endowment effect without economic transaction. Neuroscience Research, 68(1), 59-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neures.2010.05.006 (21 osób, 20 w analizie fMRI)
      Efekt posiadania
1213. Vowles, K. E., McEntee, M. L., Julnes, P. S., Frohe, T., Ney, J. P., & van der Goes, D. N. (2015). Rates of opioid misuse, abuse, and addiction in chronic pain: A systematic review and data synthesis. Pain, 156(4), 569-576. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.j.pain.0000460357.01998.f1
      Dopamina
1214. Voytek, B., Kramer, M. A., Case, J., Lepage, K. Q., Tempesta, Z. R., Knight, R. T., & Gazzaley, A. (2015). Age-related changes in 1/f neural electrophysiological noise. The Journal of Neuroscience, 35(38), 13257-13265. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2332-14.2015
      Fale mózgowe
1215. Wadenholt, G., Karlsson Wirebring, L., Stillesjö, S., & Andersson, L. (2026). Advising the ill-advised: Debiasing the conjunction fallacy through gamified training with outcome feedback. Acta Psychologica, 264, Article 106548. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2026.106548 (56 osób)
      Błąd koniunkcji
1216. Wagenmakers, E.-J., Beek, T., Dijkhoff, L., Gronau, Q. F., i in. (2016). Registered Replication Report: Strack, Martin, & Stepper (1988). Perspectives on Psychological Science, 11(6), 917-928. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691616674458 (17 laboratoriów, 1894 osoby w analizie)
      Mimiczne sprzężenie zwrotne
1217. Wager, T. D., Atlas, L. Y., Lindquist, M. A., Roy, M., Woo, C.-W., & Kross, E. (2013). An fMRI-based neurologic signature of physical pain. New England Journal of Medicine, 368(15), 1388-1397. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1204471
      Ból
1218. Wagner, D. D., & Heatherton, T. F. (2013). Self-regulatory depletion increases emotional reactivity in the amygdala. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 8(4), 410-417. https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nss082 (fMRI, 48 osób w analizie)
      Wyczerpanie ego
1219. Wagner, D. D., Altman, M., Boswell, R. G., Kelley, W. M., & Heatherton, T. F. (2013). Self-regulatory depletion enhances neural responses to rewards and impairs top-down control. Psychological Science, 24(11), 2262-2271. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797613492985 (fMRI, 31 osób w analizie)
      Wyczerpanie ego
1220. Wagner, U., Gais, S., Haider, H., Verleger, R., & Born, J. (2004). Sleep inspires insight. Nature, 427(6972), 352-355. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature02223
      SenMózg w liczbach
1221. Wainio-Theberge, S., & Armony, J. L. (2025). Neural correlates of power-related postures and their behavioural consequences: A preliminary electrophysiological investigation. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 20(1), Article nsaf036. https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsaf036 (EEG, 104 osoby w analizie)
      Pozy siły (power posing)
1222. Walasek, L., & Stewart, N. (2015). How to make loss aversion disappear and reverse: Tests of the decision by sampling origin of loss aversion. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 144(1), 7-11. https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0000039 (eksperyment 1a, 323 osoby, zakłady hipotetyczne)
      Awersja do strat
1223. Walasek, L., & Stewart, N. (2021). You cannot accurately estimate an individual's loss aversion using an accept-reject task. Decision. https://doi.org/10.1037/dec0000141
      Awersja do strat
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      Awersja do stratMózg w liczbach
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      Mózg w liczbach
1227. Walker, A. C., Collins, R. N., Walker, H. E. K., Fugelsang, J. A., & Mandel, D. R. (2026). Everyone I don’t like is biased: Affective evaluations and the bias blind spot. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1177/01461672261439247 (3 eksperymenty, plan zarejestrowany przed badaniem)
      Efekt ślepej plamki
1228. Walker, D., Smith, K. A., & Vul, E. (2022). Reconsidering the “bias” in “the correspondence bias”. Decision, 9(3), 263-284. https://doi.org/10.1037/dec0000180 (model, bez nowych danych)
      Podstawowy błąd atrybucji
1229. Wang, J., & Li, J. (2022). High-definition transcranial stimulation over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex alters the sunk cost effect: A mental accounting framework. The Journal of Neuroscience, 42(35), 6770-6781. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0127-22.2022 (HD-tDCS nad prawą grzbietowo-boczną korą przedczołową)
      Efekt utopionych kosztów
1230. Wang, W.-C., Brashier, N. M., Wing, E. A., Marsh, E. J., & Cabeza, R. (2016). On known unknowns: Fluency and the neural mechanisms of illusory truth. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 28(5), 739-746. https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00923 (fMRI, 24 osoby)
      Efekt iluzorycznej prawdy
1231. Wang, Y., Wang, L., Manssuer, L., Zhao, Y.-J., Ding, Q., Pan, Y., Huang, P., Li, D., & Voon, V. (2024). Subthalamic stimulation causally modulates human voluntary decision-making to stay or go. npj Parkinson's Disease, 10(1), Article 210. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41531-024-00807-x (stymulacja, 11 pacjentów)
      Efekt opcji domyślnej
1232. Wannez, S., Heine, L., Thonnard, M., Gosseries, O., Laureys, S., & Coma Science Group collaborators. (2017). The repetition of behavioral assessments in diagnosis of disorders of consciousness. Annals of Neurology, 81(6), 883-889. https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.24962
      Świadomość
1233. Ward, A. F., Duke, K., Gneezy, A., & Bos, M. W. (2017). Brain Drain: The Mere Presence of One’s Own Smartphone Reduces Available Cognitive Capacity. Journal of the Association for Consumer Research, 2(2), 140-154. https://doi.org/10.1086/691462
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      Błąd konfirmacji
1235. Watson, J. M., & Strayer, D. L. (2010). Supertaskers: Profiles in extraordinary multitasking ability. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 17(4), 479-485. https://doi.org/10.3758/pbr.17.4.479
      Uwaga
1236. Watson, N. F., Badr, M. S., Belenky, G., Bliwise, D. L., Buxton, O. M., Buysse, D., Dinges, D. F., Gangwisch, J., Grandner, M. A., Kushida, C., Malhotra, R. K., Martin, J. L., Patel, S. R., Quan, S. F., & Tasali, E. (2015). Recommended amount of sleep for a healthy adult: A joint consensus statement of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine and Sleep Research Society. Sleep, 38(6), 843-844. https://doi.org/10.5665/sleep.4716
      Sen
1237. Watts, T. W., & Duncan, G. J. (2020). Controlling, confounding, and construct clarity: Responding to criticisms of “Revisiting the Marshmallow Test” by Doebel, Michaelson, and Munakata (2020) and Falk, Kosse, and Pinger (2020). Psychological Science, 31(1), 105-108. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797619893606 (odpowiedź na komentarze)
      Test pianki Marshmallow
1238. Watts, T. W., Duncan, G. J., & Quan, H. (2018). Revisiting the marshmallow test: A conceptual replication investigating links between early delay of gratification and later outcomes. Psychological Science, 29(7), 1159-1177. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797618761661
      Dyskontowanie odroczonych nagródTest pianki Marshmallow
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      Efekt posiadania
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      Ból
1241. Weingarten, E., & Hutchinson, J. W. (2018). Does ease mediate the ease-of-retrieval effect? A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 144(3), 227-283. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000122 (metaanaliza, 263 badania)
      Heurystyka dostępności
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      Nierealistyczny optymizm
1243. Weintraub, D., Koester, J., Potenza, M. N., Siderowf, A. D., Stacy, M., Voon, V., Whetteckey, J., Wunderlich, G. R., & Lang, A. E. (2010). Impulse control disorders in Parkinson disease: A cross-sectional study of 3090 patients. Archives of Neurology, 67(5), 589-595. https://doi.org/10.1001/archneurol.2010.65
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      Efekt fałszywej zgodności
1246. Welborn, B. L., Gunter, B. C., Vezich, I. S., & Lieberman, M. D. (2017). Neural correlates of the false consensus effect: Evidence for motivated projection and regulatory restraint. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 29(4), 708-717. https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01084 (fMRI, 28 osób)
      Efekt fałszywej zgodności
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      Déjà vu
1248. Wells, C. E., O’Connor, A. R., & Moulin, C. J. A. (2021). Déjà vu experiences in anxiety. Memory, 29(7), 895-903. https://doi.org/10.1080/09658211.2018.1538418
      Déjà vu
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      Efekt ślepej plamki
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      Dopamina
1251. Westbrook, A., van den Bosch, R., Määttä, J. I., Hofmans, L., Papadopetraki, D., Cools, R., & Frank, M. J. (2020). Dopamine promotes cognitive effort by biasing the benefits versus costs of cognitive work. Science, 367(6484), 1362-1366. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaz5891
      Dopamina
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      Mózg w liczbach
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      Efekt opcji domyślnej
1255. White, P. A. (2017). The three-second “subjective present”: A critical review and a new proposal. Psychological Bulletin, 143(7), 735-756. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000104
      Od mikrosekund do dekad
1256. White, Southgate, Thomson i Brenner, Phil Trans R Soc B 314:1-340 (1986) doi:10.1098/rstb.1986.0056
      Mózg w liczbach
1257. Whitham, E. M., Pope, K. J., Fitzgibbon, S. P., Lewis, T., Clark, C. R., Loveless, S., Broberg, M., Wallace, A., DeLosAngeles, D., Lillie, P., Hardy, A., Fronsko, R., Pulbrook, A., & Willoughby, J. O. (2007). Scalp electrical recording during paralysis: Quantitative evidence that EEG frequencies above 20 Hz are contaminated by EMG. Clinical Neurophysiology, 118(8), 1877-1888. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2007.04.027
      Fale mózgowe
1258. Wiehler, A., Branzoli, F., Adanyeguh, I., Mochel, F., & Pessiglione, M. (2022). A neuro-metabolic account of why daylong cognitive work alters the control of economic decisions. Current Biology, 32(16), 3564-3575.e5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2022.07.010 (spektroskopia MR, 40 osób)
      Wyczerpanie ego
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      Złudzenie planowania
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      Efekt czystej ekspozycji
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      Mózg w liczbach
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